<p>The Erie Depot, officially known as the Erie Railroad Station, is located at the corner of Jersey Avenue and Fowler Street in Port Jervis, New York. It was built in 1892 as a passenger station for the Erie Railroad by Grattan & Jennings in a Queen Anne style. For years it was the busiest passenger station on the railroads Delaware Branch, owing to Port Jerviss position on the Delaware River near where New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania converge. The long-distance passenger trains Erie Limited and the Lake Cities between Chicago and Hoboken served this station.</p><br>
<p>The decline in passenger rail traffic in the mid-20th century, after many people had switched to automobile travel on the federally subsidized highways, resulted in the termination of passenger service between Port Jervis and Binghamton in 1970. Local commuter service to Hoboken was taken over by the MTAs Metro-North Railroad shortly thereafter. Rather than using the Erie Depot, Metro-North built a minimalist station of its own. It had a parking lot for passengers cars, a shelter and a street-level concrete platform.</p><br>
<p>The original station declined in condition (along with the city). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Since then it has been renovated. It houses several small shops on the street side.</p><br>
<p>The Museum of Nebraska Art  is the official art museum of the state of Nebraska. The museum is located in Kearney, Nebraska, and is administratively affiliated with the University of Nebraska at Kearney. The official charter of MONA makes it home to the Nebraska Art Collection, which is home to works by artists who were born in Nebraska, have lived in Nebraska, or have some connection to Nebraska. MONA also hosts regular rotating exhibitions by living or historic artists who have some connection with the state of Nebraska.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Nebraska Art Collection was first created in 1976 but initially lacked a permanent home. In 1985 a state-appointed commission settled on a historic post office building in Kearney which was built in 1911 but was badly outmoded and slated for demolition. The Neoclassical architecture, marble interiors, and spacious, well-lit rooms attracted the attention of museum officials, who purchased the disused building and refitted it. In 1986 MONA opened there in its new permanent location.</p><br>
<p>The post office building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a fine example of the Neoclassical style, and is believed to be the oldest of its type in Kearney.</p><br>
<h2>Collection</h2><br>
<p>The Nebraska Art Collection covers over 175 years of art and art history. Many historic artists with Nebraska connections have their work in the permanent collection, such as Alice Eliza Cleaver, Robert Henri, John Philip Falter, and Frank Rinehart. MONA is also home to works by more modern artists, like Thomas Hart Benton, Wright Morris, and Leonard Thiessen, as well as living artists such as Jun Kaneko and Jane Golding Marie.</p><br>
<p>Additionally, the Collection includes works by artist explorers who documented early Native American life and natural history in Nebraska, including George Catlin, John James Audubon, and Karl Bodmer. Exhibitions of these artists are often supplemented with art and historical artifacts from other Nebraska museums, including the Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer, Joslyn Art Museum, and the University of Nebraska State Museum.</p><br>
<p>MONA and the Nebraska Art Collection also play host to rotating exhibitions by currently active Nebraska artists who are building reputations but do not yet have their work in permanent collections. Notable exhibition participants have included polymer artist Sandra Williams, photographer Roger Bruhn, and sculptor Elizabeth Kronfield.</p><br>
<h2>Special programs</h2><br>
<p>In addition to its role as a museum, MONA is host to several special programs. It cultivates close relationships with public schools and frequently has students in for art viewing, hands-on art-making events, and summer art camps. MONA also has periodic art-making classes for adults, usually in the summer. The museum usually participates in Christmas activities put on by downtown Kearney merchants, and has hosted evening fairs where Nebraska artists and artisans sell small art objects.</p><br>
<p>MONA is host to ARTreach, a program of touring art exhibitions throughout Nebraska. Host organizations pay a nominal fee and are permitted to host an exhibition for four to six weeks. The exhibitions are drawn from the permanent collection, not the rotating exhibitions. Most ARTreach exhibitions are organized around themes, including Women Artists from the MONA Collection, Images of Land, and Afro Psalms.</p><br>
<p>In recent years MONA has also played host to the Reynolds Readers and Writers Series, organized by Charles Fort (poet). This series brings writers, novelists, and storytellers to Nebraska for public readings and classes. The series is primarily organized and funded by the University of Nebraska at Kearney, and the visiting artists participate in creative writing classes on campus in addition to their evening readings at the museum.</p><br>
<p>Nangpa La  is a high mountain pass crossing the Himalayas and the Nepal-Tibet Autonomous Region border a few kilometres west of Cho Oyu and some 30 km northwest of Mount Everest.</p><br>
<p>A foot-trail over Nangpa La is the traditional trade and pilgrimage route connecting Tibetans and Sherpas of Khumbu. This was the location of the 2006 Nangpa La shootings.</p><br>
<p>From this pass the Mahalangur section of the Himalaya extend east past Cho Oyu, Gyachung Kang, Everest, Ama Dablam and Makalu to the gorge of the Arun River. The Rolwaling Himalayas including Gauri Sankar and Melungtse rise west and southwest of the pass.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, Chinese border guards of the People&#39;s Armed Police (PAP) opened fire on 75 unarmed Tibetan refugees as they traversed waist-deep snow in the Nangpa La shooting incident, killing 17-year-old Buddhist nun Kelsang Namtso and leading to the disappearance of a further 17 refugees. Despite an attempted Chinese coverup, several foreign climbers at base camps on Cho Oyu managed to video and photograph the situation as it unfolded and the events drew widespread international condemnation when shown to the outside world.</p><br>
<p>The Church of Our Saviour is an historic Carpenter Gothic Episcopal church located at 2979 Coloma Street, in Placerville, El Dorado County, California, in the United States. The church is part of the Episcopal Diocese of Northern California. On November 17, 1977, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the Episcopal Church of Our Saviour.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Church of Our Saviour was originally organized by the Rev. Charles Caleb Peirce on July 20, 1861, in the midst of the California Gold Rush. Our Saviours’ first services were conducted by The Rev. Mr. Peirce in the Old Court House in Placerville. The Rev. Mr. Peirce (he stated that he disliked being called "Father") expected to find a parish called "Saint Mary&#39;s Episcopal Church," that was allegedly begun in 1857. Unfortunately, the parish could not be found. There is no record of its demise.</p><br>
<p>The new congregation continued to use the Court House as a place of worship, and it was not until 1864 that a move to erect a church building was initiated. The ladies of the church on the Fourth of July of that year held a faire. They donated the proceeds from that event for the building fund. This was the first of many fairs that the Episcopal Church Women (ECW) held.</p><br>
<p>Following this were a series of events; the final effort occurring in May 1865 when a three-day fair and bazaar was held, netting $1,200. At this time, the lot on Coloma Street was purchased and work on the church building begun.</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Mr. Peirce was famous for his good character in that he is reported to "have looked for and found good in all people." An excerpt from C. E. Upton’s book, The Life and Work of the Rev. C. C. Peirce, illustrates this facet of his character.</p><br>
<p>The Mountain Democrat newspaper in June 1865, told how the El Dorado Lodge of Free & Accepted Masons laid the cornerstone of the Church of Our Saviour. On December 23 of the same year the newspaper reported: “The opening of the new, elegant and beautiful Episcopal Church on Coloma Street will take place this Saturday evening with the annual distribution of books by Rev. C. C. Peirce”.</p><br>
<p>Bishop William Ingraham Kip of San Francisco consecrated the building on April 15, 1866. The completed church cost about $10,500.</p><br>
<p>Architect William Patton of San Francisco designed the structure. Mr. O. Taylor of Placerville built the parish building. When the Rev. Mr. Peirce died on March 14, 1903, schools and businesses closed in his memory.</p><br>
<p>The first renovation of the church was in 1927. The cost of the work amounted to $10,000. In 1938, the second restoration of the church building was undertaken. The $4,000 project included repairs to the outside of the building, new paint and a new roof for the nave. The interior also underwent extensive repairs. A coal-burning furnace was added and the brickwork at the front of the church was laid. The paneling for the sanctuary was designed and installed. In 1957, chimes were given to the parish in the memory of Fr. Peirce and other additions, such as the aluminum roof, were added.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the house behind the church was purchased and demolished to provide a much-needed parking lot. The old rectory next to the church was torn down and a new one-story building was erected with classrooms and office space.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, more was accomplished. New composition shingles were installed following a storm that blew off half of the old tin roof. This happened during Holly Faire that year. The stained glass windows were repaired and three new beautiful ones were installed. Also a hand carved Corpus was hung on the plain wooden cross above the sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The Sunday school building that was built in 1976 was not adequate to meet the needs of the growing parish, so a new two-story building was erected with a capital funds drive raising about $110,000 and completed in 1999. A round stained glass window honoring the ministry of the Rev. Canon James Burnett was installed in 2003. A columbarium was installed in 2005.</p><br>
<p>On this hill overlooking downtown Placerville, the Church of Our Saviour continues to be the landmark in the area that it has been since it was built. It is the oldest continually occupied church building in El Dorado County. The church and parish celebrated their 150th anniversary in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Exe Island was the early industrial area of Exeter, England, and was an area of marshland between the city walls and the River Exe, reclaimed by the construction of a series of leats, or water courses, possibly from as early as the 10th century. Of these, the Higher Leat still exists. It created Exe Island, which was a separate manor belonging to the Courtenays, Earls of Devon.</p><br>
<p>The leats were used to drive fulling mills and corn mills. Sometime between 1180 and 1190 Robert Courtenay granted to Nicholas Gervaise all his water which Thomas the fuller holds of him outside the west gate of Exeter, which is between his corn mills and Crickenpette, so that the said Nicholas and his heirs may build a mill on the said water towards Crickenpette as shall appear best and most commodious to them.</p><br>
<p>Evidence for other medieval industries—tanning and the working of horn, bone, and bronze—has come to light in archaeological excavations. Cloth-finishing was the most important industry in the 16th century. In the late 18th century, the cloth industry declined and in the 19th century the area was occupied by iron foundries, corn mills, and breweries.</p><br>
<p>*https://web.archive.org/web/20080327142444/http://www.exetermemories.co.uk/em/exeter_leats.html Source</p><br>
<p>Salasungo  is a peak of the Ganesh Himal, on the border between Nepal and Tibet .</p><br>
<p>Salasungo, and the entire Ganesh Himal, lie between the Burhi Gandaki and Trisuli Gandaki valleys, about 70 km northwest of Kathmandu. Salasungo lies about 6 km south of Yangra (Ganesh I). The name "Salasungo" is also often used to refer to another peak located 4 km further west, Ganesh NW.</p><br>
<h2>Nomenclature and altitude</h2><br>
<p>Nomenclature for this peak is ambgiuous and confusing, and varies between sources. The mountain was previously known as Ganesh II till resurveyed in the early 1990s. Elder map source give an altitude of 7150m and 7110m, but the altitude of 7043m given by the Finnmap is currently the most widely accepted.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>The Dyckman House, now the Dyckman Farmhouse Museum, is the oldest remaining farmhouse on Manhattan island, a reminder of New York City&#39;s rural past. The Dutch Colonial-style farmhouse was built by William Dyckman, c.1785, It is now located in a small park at the corner of Broadway and 204th Street in the Inwood neighborhood of the city.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Dyckman was the grandson of Jan Dyckman, who came to the area from Westphalia in 1661. William Dyckman, who inherited the family estate, built the current house to replace the family house located on the Harlem River near the present West 210th Street, which he had built in 1748, and which was destroyed in the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>The current two-story house is constructed of fieldstone, brick and white clapboard, and features a gambrel roof and spring eaves. The porches are typical of the Dutch Colonial style, but were added in 1825. The houses interior has parlors and an indoor (winter) kitchen, with floors of varying-width chestnut wood. The houses outdoor smokehouse-summer kitchen, in a small building to the south, may predate the house itself.</p><br>
<p>The house stayed in the family for several generations until it was sold in 1868, after which it served as a rental property for several decades. By the beginning of the 20th century, the house was in disrepair and in danger of being demolished, and the Dyckman family bought it back in 1915. Two sisters of the family, Mary Alice Dyckman Dean and Fannie Fredericka Dyckman Welch, began a restoration of the farmhouse in 1915-16 under the supervision of architect Alexander M. Welch, the husband of Fannie. They then transferred ownership of the house to the City of New York in 1916, which opened it as a museum of Dutch and Colonial life, featuring the original Dyckman family furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The farmhouse &ndash; which is not only the oldest remaining in Manhattan, but the only one in the Dutch Colonial style, &ndash; has been a New York City Landmark and a National Historic Landmark since 1967.</p><br>
<p>A major restoration of the house took place in 2003, after which it re-opened to the public in the fall of 2005.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Dyckman House was featured in Bob Vila&#39;s A&E Network production, Guide to Historic Homes of America.</p><br>
<p>The Eastern Sudetes  are the Eastern part of the Sudetes mountains on the border of the Czech Republic and Poland. They stretch from the Kłodzko Valley and the Nysa Kłodzka River in the west down to the Moravian Gate in the east, leading to the Outer Western Carpathians.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivision</h2><br>
<p>The Eastern Sudetes consist of:</p><br>
<p>Golden Mountains</p><br>
<p>Śnieżnik Mountains</p><br>
<p>Opawskie Mountains (Góry Opawskie) or Zlatohorská Highlands (Zlatohorská vrchovina)</p><br>
<p>Hrubý Jeseník (High Ash Mountains)</p><br>
<p>Hanušovická vrchovina (Hanušovice Highlands)</p><br>
<p>Mohelnická brázda (Mohelnice depression)</p><br>
<p>Zábřežská vrchovina (Zábřeh Highlands)</p><br>
<p>Nízký Jeseník</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Tippecanoe Battlefield Park preserves the location of the Battle of Tippecanoe fought on November 7, 1811.</p><br>
<p>The 16 acre site of the battle was deeded to the State of Indiana by John Tipton, a veteran of the fight, on November 7, 1836, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the battle. The site was used for a number of major political rallies during its earlier years, those most significant being on May 29, 1840 in favor of William Henry Harrison&#39;s bid for the White House attended by 30,000 people.</p><br>
<p>The location was attracting visitors by the 1850s, and the battlefield was bordered by the Louisville, New Albany, & Salem Railroad during that decade. A refreshment stand was built adjacent to the site to accommodate visitors, and this land was later purchased by the Northwest Indiana Conference of the Methodist Church and used for the Battle Ground Collegiate Institute and later for a Methodist youth camp. Despite interest in the location for the sesquicentennial of the battle in 1961, the camp was abandoned in 1971 and the location was neglected. It was designated a National Historical Landmark in 1960. It is located in the Battle Ground Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Local residents acquired the Methodist property upon its closure, and created a museum in the camps lodge. The citizens group merged with the Tippecanoe County Historical Association in 1990 which took over operation of the museum. The museum was extensively renovated in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Battlefield Monument was ceded to the Tippecanoe County Park Board in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational opportunities</h2><br>
<p>Hiking (including access to the Wabash Heritage Trail).</p><br>
<p>Nature Center</p><br>
<p>Battlefield Monument</p><br>
<p>Museum</p><br>
<p>Tippecanoe Battlefield Park is operated by the Tippecanoe County Park Board and the Battlefield Museum is operated by the Tippecanoe County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Kelburn Castle is a large house near Fairlie, North Ayrshire, Scotland. It is the seat of the Earl of Glasgow. Originally built in the thirteenth century  it was remodelled in the sixteenth century. In 1700 the first Earl made further extensions to the house in a manner not unlike a French château which is virtually how it appears today. In 1977 the house and grounds opened to the public as a country park. It is one of the oldest castles in Scotland and has been continuously inhabited by the same family for longer than any other. The castle is protected as a category A listed building, while the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.</p><br>
<p>When it was found in 2007 that the castle&#39;s concrete facing would soon need replacing, Lord Glasgow invited four Brazilian graffiti artists to decorate the walls. This was still in place in 2011, when the Earl sought permission from Historic Scotland to keep the graffiti permanently.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Boyle family have been in possession of the lands of Kelburn since the 12th century.</p><br>
<h2>Graffiti project</h2><br>
<p>In 2007 experts told the owners of Kelburn Castle that its concrete facing would eventually need to be replaced to avoid further damage to the stonework. At the suggestion of his children, Lord Glasgow invited four Brazilian graffiti artists (Nunca, Nina and Os Gêmeos twins) to paint the walls. Historic Scotland agreed to the project, on the basis that the graffiti would be removed when the castle was re-harled. The project was featured on the BBC television programme The Culture Show. Also in 2007, Kelburn featured in another BBC programme, Crisis at the Castle which documented the financial problems of running the castle.</p><br>
<p>In September 2010 it was reported that Historic Scotland were putting pressure on Lord Glasgow to remove the graffiti, although this was later denied by both parties. In August 2011 it was reported that the Earl had formally written to Historic Scotland asking permission to keep the graffiti as a permanent feature.</p><br>
<h2>Fire damage</h2><br>
<p>The castle suffered minor fire damage on 16 February 2009, as a result of an electrical fault. The fire service was called to a blaze at around 1:45 am where flames had engulfed a top-floor room and spread to the roof. Around 25 firefighters battled the blaze for more than five hours before it was extinguished at around 7:20 am.</p><br>
<p>The Vamar  is an English shipwreck  near Mexico Beach, Florida, United States. It is located 3.7 miles offshore from Mexico Beach. It became the ninth Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserve when it was dedicated in 2004. On April 10, 2006, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Alternate names</h2><br>
<p>The Vamar underwent several name changes in its history:</p><br>
<p>1919 - christened the Kilmarnock</p><br>
<p>1920s - renamed the Chelsea after being sold to a private firm</p><br>
<p>1928 - Rear-Admiral Richard Byrd acquires the ship for his journey to Antarctica. He renames the ship the Eleanor Bolling, in honor of his mother, Eleanor Bolling Byrd</p><br>
<p>During the voyage, due to rough seas, the crew nicknamed the ship the "Evermore Rolling". The ship was not designed to carry heavy loads.</p><br>
<p>After days of rain, and a load of rain-soaked lumber, the ship&#39;s inherent instability and lowered center of gravity, could have led to her demise about 4 miles out to sea making her way to Guantanamo Bay.</p><br>
<p>1933 - the Vamar Shipping Company buys the ship and renames it the Vamar</p><br>
<p>1942 - March 21, after leaving Port St. Joe, Florida, Vamar sunk under suspicious circumstances. When asked the cause by his son, the Captain replied with his protest: he was ordered by the owners to load all the lumber to be shipped. This meant to much cargo above deck which created a high center of gravity. The ship was already known to roll heavily and the cargo made it worse to the point of taking on water once the ship cleared the harbor.</p><br>
<p>2004 - Vamar became Florida&#39;s Ninth Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserve and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Brae Fell is a fell in the English Lake District, situated 12 kilometres north of Keswick it reaches a height of 586 m  and is regarded as part of the Caldbeck Fells along with High Pike and Carrock Fell even though it has ridge links to the Uldale Fells. The fell&#39;s name has Scottish overtones and translates from the Scots language as a hillside or slope. Its northern flanks face the Scottish Borders country across the Eden Valley and Solway Firth.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Brae Fell is large and grassy and is really an outlying part of Great Sca Fell being situated on that fell&#39;s northern ridge separated by a col with a height of approximately 570 metres. With a height of less than 2000 feet and prominence of around 16 metres it fails to be a fell of real importance. Alfred Wainwright gives it a chapter in his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, being less than complimentary, saying, “If all hills were like Brae Fell there would be far fewer fell walkers”. It is best viewed from the low ground to the north where it shows off its full height. Brae Fell was mined in the nineteenth century for Lead, the mine lies on its eastern slopes just above Roughton Gill and there are large spoil tips remaining to this day.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Brae Fell is often climbed in conjunction with other fells in the area. A direct ascent of the fell is usually undertaken from the minor road that skirts the northern slopes, there is no fence so the climb can start anywhere along its length. There is a vague path amongst the grass which leads to the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The top of the fell is strewn with a few boulders and there is a fair sized cairn which is a landmark for several kilometres around. The view from the summit is one of the finest in the Northern Fells, with the panorama north taking in the Solway Firth, Scottish Borders and the northern Pennines.</p><br>
<p>The Ammendale Normal Institute is a USA historic location in Beltsville, Maryland. Bought in 1880, it was a school and novitiate operated by the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. The Ammendale area is named after the previous owner, Daniel Ammen.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the main building began in 1883 and was completed in 1884 with Thomas C. Kennedy as the leading architect.</p><br>
<h2>Religious use</h2><br>
<p>Also known as "Christian Brothers" and "Ammen Institute," the building had seen several uses over its lifetime. Though it last served as a sort of "retirement home" for aging or retired Brothers; in recent history, it was also used as an active monastery. Peter Boyle is a notable alumnus of what has been described as the monasterys boot-camp&#39;.</p><br>
<p>The main building suffered a devastating fire in April, 1998. Its ruins stood until late 2006 when what was left of the building was demolished. Ammendale was one of many historical buildings in the region with valuable real estate that was developed after a fire set to the structure, including Troy Hill (1990), Avondale Mill (1991), St. Mary&#39;s College (1997), Henryton State Hospital (2007), (2011)</p><br>
<p>In 2014, NAI Michael placed 8 acres containing the foundation of the Normal Institute and the remaining historic brick barn up for sale. The nearby St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Chapel is a recognized historic site. There is also a parish cemetery and one for the Brothers.</p><br>
<h2>St. Joseph’s Catholic Chapel</h2><br>
<p>St. Joseph’s Catholic Chapel, built in 1880, on 20 acres of land for a novitiate plus five acres for the church donated by Admiral Daniel Ammen, from whom the Ammendale name is derived. It is a front-gabled brick chapel with ornate Queen Anne detail. Jigsawn vergeboards adorn the eaves of the principal gable front, the gothic-arch windows are filled with stained glass, and the interior walls and ceilings are sheathed with pressed tin in a pattern of fleurs-de-lis, palmettes, and a rich, multicourse cornice. A large cemetery adjoins the chapel.</p><br>
<p>Rodondo Island is a granite island, part of the Rodondo Group, lying in northern Bass Strait, within the state boundaries of Tasmania, Australia. The island is located only 10 km south of Wilsons Promontory in Victoria, and 2 of latitude  south of the Victoria-Tasmania border at latitude 39°12S. Rodondo Island is ringed by steep cliffs up to 200 m high, with an area of 106 hectare and a maximum elevation of 350 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>It is a nature reserve with a breeding colony of over one million mutton birds or short-tailed shearwaters.</p><br>
<p>Rodondo&#39;s vegetation communities include Disphyma herbfield, Stipa tussock grassland, Poa poiformis tussock grassland, Melaleuca armillaris low closed forest, Allocasuarina verticillata low open forest, clifftop shrubland, and Eucalyptus globulus open forest.</p><br>
<p>As well as the shearwaters, recorded breeding seabird and wader species include little penguin, fairy prion, Pacific gull and sooty oystercatcher. White-bellied sea-eagles have nested on the island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was sighted by Lieutenant James Grant on 9 December 1800 from the survey brig and named "from its resemblance to that rock, well known to all seamen in the West Indies",</p><br>
<p>presumably Redonda, between the islands of Montserrat and Nevis.</p><br>
<p>The first landing was in January 1947 when a party led by John Béchervaise spent a week exploring the island and surveying its natural history.</p><br>
<p>Goulburn Weir is a weir built between 1887 and early 1891 across the Goulburn River near Nagambie, Victoria, Australia. It was the first major diversion structure built for irrigation development in Australia. The weir also forms Lake Nagambie where rowing regattas and waterskiing tournaments are held.</p><br>
<p>The Goulburn Weir allows water to be diverted by gravity via the Stuart Murray Canal and Cattanach Canal for off-river storage in the Waranga basin, for later use in irrigation.</p><br>
<p>The weir is 209 metres long by about 16 metres high. Its design was considered very advanced for its time, so much so that it featured on the back of half-sovereign and ten-shilling notes from 1913 to 1933. The structure also contained one of the first hydro-electric turbines in the southern hemisphere, used to supply power for lifting and lighting.</p><br>
<p>After more than 90 years of continuous service, many of the weir&#39;s components were in urgent need of replacement. Stabilisation works were done in 1983 and in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The weir raises the level of the Goulburn River so that water can be diverted, by gravity, along the main irrigation supply channels: Stuart Murray Canal, Cattanach Canal, East Goulburn Main Channel. The weir services nearby farming of crops including wheat, stock and domestic supplies.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Approval for the construction of the Goulburn Weir was granted on the 16th of December 1886, by the passing of The River Goulburn Weir Act 1886</p><br>
<p>. This act allowed the treasury of Victoria to issue up to £20,000 for the construction of the weir and related works. A further £75,000 was approved under The Water Supply Loans Act 1887.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the weir began with the construction of six tunnels designed to pass the normal river flow. These would allow the construction of the masonry section of the weir to proceed with the river flows passing through the tunnels underneath. The tunnels were fitted with sluice gates that could be closed once the weir was completed allowing structure to raise the height of the river upstream.</p><br>
<p>The main body of the weir is constructed from concrete masonry, that is large concrete blocks that were bedded and jointed in cement mortar. It is backed with steps of granite blocks, each to the height of a course (2 feet).</p><br>
<p>The stone and sand for the concrete was sourced locally, the stone was quarried from a hill two miles (3.2 km) to the north and the sand was obtained from various pits within four miles (6.4 km) of the weir. The granite for the weir was sourced from Mount Black, 15 miles (24 km) to the south west.</p><br>
<p>The weir was completed, the tunnel sluices closed down and the river allowed to flow over the weir in the early part of December 1890. The water level upstream was slowly raised and storage reached its full supply level towards the end of July 1891.</p><br>
<p>The final cost of the weir works was £106,262.</p><br>
<p>Buchanan Castle is a ruined country house in Stirlingshire, Scotland, located 1 mi west of the village of Drymen. The house was commissioned by James Graham, 4th Duke of Montrose and built in 1852-1858 as a home for the Montrose family, serving as such until 1925. It was built as a replacement for Buchanan Auld House, which is located 0.5 mi to the northwest but was destroyed in a fire in 1852. The old house and surrounding lands had been the property of the Clan Buchanan but passed to the Clan Graham in the late 17th century. The roof of the building was removed in 1954 and the condition of the house has since deteriorated, but it remains the seat of the Clan Graham.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The surrounding lands were in the possession of the Clan Buchanan from at least 1231, but the direct chiefly line failed in 1682. Cousins of the Buchanan family, the Du Brul&#39;s, are the remaining family. Significant debt had been inherited by 22nd Chief John Buchanan and during his chiefship, the Buchanan estate was gradually sold to satisfy creditors. The estate was bought by James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose (1657–1684), whose son became the 1st Duke of Montrose in 1707. The Montrose family occupied the existing Buchanan Auld House and this eventually replaced Mugdock Castle as the seat of Clan Graham, being seen as a dwelling more fitting the title of Marquess. The original house was substantially rebuilt from approximately 1724.</p><br>
<p>Buchanan Auld House was destroyed in a fire in 1852 and the duke commissioned William Burn to design Buchanan Castle to replace it. After the war the building served briefly as the Army School of Education. The roof was removed from the house in 1954 and outlying parts of the building were demolished. A number of residential buildings were subsequently built in the castle gardens and grounds.</p><br>
<p>Proposals were put forward for redevelopment of the house as flats in 2002 and 2004, though both applications were refused planning permission. The house is a category B listed building, and is included on the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland. The grounds of the house were included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes, although they were removed from this listing in 2016. The walls of the house remain intact to their full height and are considered to be in good condition. The ruins are progressively engulfed by trees and plants, and surrounded by a perimeter fence.</p><br>
<p>The Amik, Amuk, or Amuq Valley  is located in the southern part of Turkey, in the Hatay Province, close to the city of Antakya . Along with Dabiq in north western Syria, it is believed to be one of the future sites of the battle of Armageddon according to Islamic eschatology.</p><br>
<p>It is notable for a series of archaeological sites in the "plain of Antioch".</p><br>
<p>The primary sites of the series are Tell al-Judaidah, Çatalhöyük (Amuq) (not to be confused with Çatalhöyük in Anatolia), Tell Tayinat, Tell Kurdu, Alalakh, and Tell Dhahab. Tell Judaidah was surveyed by Robert Braidwood and excavated by C. MacEwan of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Islamic Eschatology</h2><br>
<p>Abu Hurayrah, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad, reported in a hadith that the Prophet said:</p><br>
<p>Islamic scholars and hadith commentators suggest that the word Romans refers to Christians. The hadith further relates the subsequent Muslim victory, followed by the peaceful takeover of Constantinople with invocations of takbir and tasbih, and finally the defeat of the Anti-Christ following the return and descent of Jesus Christ. Other hadiths relate the appearance of Imam Mahdi immediately before the Second Coming of Jesus.</p><br>
<p>The Ajvide Settlement  is located in Ajvide, Eksta, on the western coast of Gotland, Sweden. It covers an area of 200,000 m&sup2; and was occupied from the Late Mesolithic through to the mid Bronze Age. The majority of the activity on the site took place during the Middle Neolithic period . This phase of activity belongs to the Pitted Ware culture. Around 2900 BC, the site suffered from a marine transgression.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological excavations</h2><br>
<p>Since 1983, Stockholm University and later the Gotland University, have conducted archaeological investigations at the property. Inger Österholm together with Göran Burenhult, both professors of archeology at Gotland University, conducted much of the recent research on Neolithic Gotland, including the Ajvide Settlement.</p><br>
<p>The principal feature of the site is a burial ground containing some 80 graves. In some cases the graves are occupied by more than one individual, whilst others may be cenotaphs. Most of these graves date to later than the main phase of Pitted Ware activity. Adjacent to the cemetery, to the east, is an area of very dark soil that contains a mixture of artifacts, pottery and bone fragments. In some texts on this site, this area is referred to as the black area, and is believed to have a possible ceremonial function. However, Österholm has suggested that it may in fact represent the processing of seal train oil.</p><br>
<h2>Find</h2><br>
<p>A significant faunal assemblage has been recovered from the site. This suggests that in the late Mesolithic, economy was based upon hunting of grey, ringed and harp seals, porpoise and fishing. Cattle, sheep, and pigs were introduced at the start of the Neolithic. However, there was a resurgence in seal hunting and fishing by the Middle Neolithic. Cattle and sheep returned during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age. It has been argued that the pigs which remain on Gotland during the Pitted Ware phase are in fact wild or feral animals, implying a general return to hunting and gathering during this period and not just a reversion to marine resources. Examination of the helical fracture pattern and dynamic impact scars of the bones from the Ajvide Settlement suggests that bone marrow extraction took place at this site.</p><br>
<p>The Jekyll Island Club was a private club on Jekyll Island, on Georgias Atlantic coast. It was founded in 1886 when members of an incorporated hunting and recreational club purchased the island for $125,000  from John Eugene du Bignon. The original design of the Jekyll Island Clubhouse, with its signature turret, was completed in January 1888. The club thrived through the early 20th century; its members came from many of the worlds wealthiest families, most notably the Morgans, Rockefellers, and Vanderbilts. The club closed at the end of the 1942 season due to complications from World War II. In 1947, after five years of funding a staff to keep up the lawn and cottages, the island was purchased from the club&#39;s remaining members for $675,000  during condemnation proceedings by the state of Georgia.</p><br>
<p>The State tried operating the club as a resort, but this was not financially successful and the entire complex was closed by 1971. The complex was designated a historic landmark in 1978.</p><br>
<p>It was restored and reopened as a luxury resort hotel in 1985. Today, Jekyll Island Club Hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Founding</h2><br>
<p>At the end of the plantation era of Jekyll Island, Newton Finney, suggested to Dubignon, his brother-in-law, that they might acquire the island and then sell it to Northern businessmen as a winter resort. A New York banker helped with the purchase of the entire island. By 1885, Dubignon was the sole owner of Jekyll.</p><br>
<p>In 1885, Finney and a New York associate, Oliver K. King, gathered a group of men and petitioned the Glynn county courts, becoming incorporated as the “Jekyl Island Club” on December 9, 1885. They agreed to sell 100 shares of the Jekyll Island Club stock to 50 people at $600 a share (about $15,000 in 2017).</p><br>
<p>Finney had no difficulty selling the shares. Six of the first seven shares went to the men who signed the charter petition: Finney, Dubignon, King, Richard L. Ogden, William B. D&#39;Wolf, and Charles L. Schlatter. In all, Finney was able to find 53 people to join the Club, including such famous names as Henry Hyde, Marshall Field, John Pierpont Morgan, Joseph Pulitzer, and William K. Vanderbilt.</p><br>
<p>On February 17, 1886, Finney signed an official agreement with Dubignon, who sold Jekyll Island to Finney&#39;s Jekyll Island Club for $125,000. On April 1, 1886, a meeting was held in New York to create the constitution and by-laws, and to nominate officers for the club. The first president was Lloyd Aspinwall, vice president was Judge Henry Elias Howland, treasurer was Franklin M. Ketchum, and Richard L. Ogden became secretary. These men faced the difficult task of turning the undeveloped property into a social club for the wealthy upper class of America.</p><br>
<p>Lloyd Aspinwall served just 5 months as the club president before he died suddenly. Henry Howland then took up the position as president of the Club.</p><br>
<p>Committees were formed to get the club off the ground. Charles A. Alexander of Chicago was chosen to design the clubhouse, and Horace William Shaler Cleveland, a famous landscape architect, was chosen to design and lay out the grounds.</p><br>
<p>Ground was broken on the clubhouse building in mid-August 1886. After some setbacks the clubhouse was completed on November 1. The club officially opened its doors when the executive committee arrived for the 1888 season on January 21.</p><br>
<p>Several nationally important events took place on Jekyll Island during the Club era, including the first transcontinental telephone call made by Theodore N. Vail, president of AT&T, to Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas A. Watson and President Woodrow Wilson in 1915; and the development of the Aldrich Vreeland Act for the National Monetary Commission in 1908.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation during the club era</h2><br>
<p>The Jekyll Island Club was a unique resort, more family oriented than the Union Club or the Chicago Club. It enjoyed great popularity among the elite classes, maintaining a highly exclusive character for 60 years.</p><br>
<p>When the club started out, hunting was a major recreational activity. A gamekeeper was hired to keep the island well stocked with pheasants, turkeys, quail and deer.</p><br>
<p>All members were to report daily what they had killed and turn it over to the club. Wild game was a common sight on the menu of the clubhouse. A taxidermist shop was located within the club compound, specifically for mounting the prize game.</p><br>
<p>As the club grew, other recreations became popular. Golf eventually took over as the Club&#39;s dominant sport. The first course was located just to the north of the Club compound. Later, in the 1920s, an ocean side course was built. A portion of this historic golf course is still intact, and can be played.</p><br>
<p>Other leisure activities included carriage driving, tennis, and bicycling.</p><br>
<h2>Role in the history of the Federal Reserve</h2><br>
<p>Jekyll Island was the location of a meeting in November 1910 in which to create the USA Federal Reserve. Following the Panic of 1907, banking reform became a major issue in the United States. Senator Nelson Aldrich (R-RI), chairman of the National Monetary Commission, went to Europe for almost two years to study that continents banking systems. Upon his return, he brought together many of the countrys leading financiers to Jekyll Island to discuss monetary policy and the banking system,.</p><br>
<p>On the evening of November 22, 1910, Sen. Aldrich and A.P. Andrews (Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury Department), Paul Warburg (a naturalized German representing Kuhn, Loeb & Co.), Frank A. Vanderlip (president of the National City Bank of New York), Henry P. Davison (senior partner of J. P. Morgan Company), Charles D. Norton (president of the Morgan-dominated First National Bank of New York), and Benjamin Strong (representing J. P. Morgan), together representing about one fourth the world&#39;s wealth at the time, left Hoboken, New Jersey on a train in complete secrecy, dropping their last names in favor of first names, or code names, so no one would discover who they all were. The excuse for such powerful representatives and wealth was to go on a duck hunting trip on Jekyll Island.</p><br>
<p>Forbes magazine founder Bertie Charles Forbes wrote several years later:</p><br>
<p>Picture a party of the nation’s greatest bankers stealing out of New York on a private railroad car under cover of darkness, stealthily riding hundreds of miles South, embarking on a mysterious launch, sneaking onto an island deserted by all but a few servants, living there a full week under such rigid secrecy that the names of not one of them was once mentioned, lest the servants learn the identity and disclose to the world this strangest, most secret expedition in the history of American finance. I am not romancing; I am giving to the world, for the first time, the real story of how the famous Aldrich currency report, the foundation of our new currency system, was written... The utmost secrecy was enjoined upon all. The public must not glean a hint of what was to be done. Senator Aldrich notified each one to go quietly into a private car of which the railroad had received orders to draw up on an unfrequented platform. Off the party set. New York’s ubiquitous reporters had been foiled... Nelson (Aldrich) had confided to Henry, Frank, Paul and Piatt that he was to keep them locked up at Jekyll Island, out of the rest of the world, until they had evolved and compiled a scientific currency system for the United States, the real birth of the present Federal Reserve System, the plan done on Jekyll Island in the conference with Paul, Frank and Henry... Warburg is the link that binds the Aldrich system and the present system together. He more than any one man has made the system possible as a working reality.</p><br>
<h2>Decline and closure of the club</h2><br>
<p>The Great Depression in 1929 caused great changes on Jekyll Island. This depression touched even the very wealthy across the country and membership in an exclusive club became an extravagance. Membership dropped slowly through the 1930s as the depression continued.</p><br>
<p>With the financial situation of the club worsening, the executive committee decided to create a new level of club membership in 1933. A more affordable level of membership, the Associate membership was designed to fit the needs, and pocketbook, of anyone. It was an attempt to draw in new and younger people as well as to draw more members back to the clubhouse. This new membership did revitalize the club membership roster, although only for a brief period.</p><br>
<p>World War II was the final blow to the life of the Jekyll Island Club. The club opened as usual for the 1942 season. However, by the beginning of March it was announced there would be an early close to the season due to the club’s financial situation and the strain the war had on the labor situation. The 1942 season would turn out to be the final season for the Jekyll Island Club.</p><br>
<p>There was hope by the president that the Club might be reopened after the war with renewed interest. However, in 1946 the state of Georgia entered the picture. The states revenue commissioner, Melvin E. Thompson, wanted to purchase one of Georgias barrier islands and open it to the public as a state park. Finally, on June 2, 1947, the state purchased the island through a condemnation order for $675,000 (or approximately $5,563,416 in 2003 dollars).</p><br>
<p>The club was turned into a public resort by the state, but closed by 1971, a financial failure. It was made a historic landmark in 1978 and restored and reopened as the Radisson Jekyll Island Club Hotel in 1985. Radisson ceased managing the hotel some years later, and it currently operates as the Jekyll Island Club Resort.</p><br>
<h2>List of members</h2><br>
<p>During the clubs inception, a limit of 100 members was imposed to ensure the clubs exclusiveness. During the financially difficult Great Depression period, the club began referring to its members as founders and created the new Associate Membership. This membership was purchased at a lower price, but with all of the benefits that the founders enjoyed, and limited to a total of 150.</p><br>
<p>This list is in no way exhaustive, but it does feature some of the more notable members.</p><br>
<p>Associate Members:</p><br>
<p>(This class of membership was adopted in 1933)</p><br>
<h2>Presidents</h2><br>
<p>1886–1887 — Lloyd Aspinwall</p><br>
<p>1887–1896 — Henry Howland</p><br>
<p>1897–1914 — Charles Lanier</p><br>
<p>1914–1919 — Frederick Bourne</p><br>
<p>1919–1927 — Dr. Walter James</p><br>
<p>1927–1933 — Walter Jennings</p><br>
<p>1933–1938 — J.P. Morgan, Jr.</p><br>
<p>1938–1942 — Bernon Prentice</p><br>
<h2>List of remaining resort homes</h2><br>
<p>the duBignon house, built in 1884 in the Victorian stick style.</p><br>
<p>the Jekyll island clubhouse, built in 1887 in the Victorian queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>Hollybourne, built in 1890 in the early Mediterranean revival style.</p><br>
<p>Furness cottage, built in 1890 in the queen Anne/shingle style.</p><br>
<p>Indian mound, built in 1892 in the Victorian queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>San Souci, an early condominium complex, built in 1896 in the Victorian shingle style.</p><br>
<p>Moss cottage, built in 1896 in the Victorian style.</p><br>
<p>the ruins of Chicota, built in 1897 in the early Mediterranean style.</p><br>
<p>Mistletoe, built in 1900 in the Dutch Colonial Revival style</p><br>
<p>Cherokee, built in 1904 in the late Italian Renaissance style.</p><br>
<p>Faith Chapel, built in 1904 in the late Gothic revival style.</p><br>
<p>Goodyear, built in 1906 in the early Mediterranean revival style.</p><br>
<p>Crane cottage, built in 1918 in the Mediterranean revival style.</p><br>
<p>Villa ospo, built in 1927 in the Mediterranean revival style.</p><br>
<p>Villa marrianna, built in 1929 in the Mediterranean revival style.</p><br>
<p>Fort Baldwin is a former coastal defense fortification near the mouth of the Kennebec River in Phippsburg, Maine, United States. It was named after Jeduthan Baldwin, an engineer for the Continental Army during the American Revolution. The fort was constructed between 1905 and 1912 and originally consisted of three batteries.</p><br>
<h2>Artillery Batteries</h2><br>
<p>Battery Cogan with two 3-inch M1903 guns on pedestal mounts. Named in honor of a lieutenant in the 5th Continental Regiment during the American Revolution. Cogan, who had also been quartermaster of the 1st New Hampshire Regiment, died August 21, 1778.</p><br>
<p>Battery Joseph Roswell Hawley with two 6-inch M1900 guns on pedestal mounts. This battery also housed the fort&#39;s original observation station and electric equipment. Named in honor of Brigadier General Joseph R. Hawley who served with distinction during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Battery Hardman with one 6-inch gun M1905 on a disappearing carriage. Named in honor of a Captain in the 2nd Maryland Regiment, Continental Army during the American Revolution. Hardman was taken prisoner at Camden, South Carolina and died while a prisoner of war on September 1, 1780.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Additionally, facilities for a controlled minefield in the river were built at nearby Fort Popham. The fort was in caretaker status prior to the American entry into World War I, and at some point was probably under the Coast Defenses of the Kennebec command. During World War I, Fort Baldwin and Fort Popham had a garrison of 200 soldiers from the 13th and 29th Coast Artillery companies of the Coast Defenses of Portland. All three 6-inch guns were withdrawn in 1917 as part of a program to put these weapons on field carriages and use them on the Western Front. Battery Hawleys guns were not sent overseas and were remounted in 1919. Battery Hardmans gun was sent to France; apparently it was eventually returned to the US but not to Fort Baldwin. A history of the Coast Artillery in World War I states that none of the regiments in France equipped with 6-inch guns completed training in time to see action before the Armistice.</p><br>
<p>In 1924, Fort Baldwin was disarmed as part of a general drawdown of less-threatened coast defenses and sold to the State of Maine. Early in World War II, four circular concrete "Panama mounts" were constructed at Fort Baldwin, two of them on Battery Hawley&#39;s 6-inch gun positions. These were to provide improved firing platforms for towed 155 mm M1918 guns that were adopted by the Coast Artillery following World War I. From 1941 to 1943, Battery D, 8th Coast Artillery protected Fort Baldwin and its Fire Control Tower that could radio the precise position of enemy vessels to batteries in Casco Bay, notably Battery Steele with its 16-inch guns. A battery of four 155 mm guns, most likely from Fort Williams, was deployed to Fort Baldwin from early 1942 to 17 January 1944. After the war, the Army returned the property to the State of Maine in 1949.</p><br>
<p>The fort was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Mount Zealand, or Zealand Mountain, is a mountain located in the White Mountains, in Grafton County, New Hampshire. Zealand stands on a spur ridge northeast of Mount Guyot, and facing Whitewall Mountain to the east across Zealand Notch.</p><br>
<p>Zealand&#39;s south and northeast sides drain into the North Fork Pemigewasset River, thence into the Pemigewasset and Merrimack rivers, reaching the Gulf of Maine in Massachusetts. The west side drains into the Little River, thence into the Ammonoosuc and Connecticut rivers, reaching Long Island Sound in Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The Twinway, a section of the Appalachian Trail, a 2,186-mile (3,518-km) National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine, crosses Zealand. Zealand is a popular hiking destination, with attractions including the Zeacliffs, on the eastern end of its ridgeline, just off the Appalachian Trail, offering dramatic views across Zealand Notch, to the Presidential and Willey Ranges and to Mount Carrigain, as well as Zealand Falls, for which a neighboring Appalachian Mountain Club hut is named, also along the Appalachian Trail, near the notch and downhill to the north from Zeacliffs.</p><br>
<p>The City Tavern Club is a private club in the Georgetown area of Washington, D.C., United States. It is housed in the City Tavern, one of the oldest buildings and the last remaining Federal-period tavern in the city.</p><br>
<h2>City Tavern Association</h2><br>
<p>In 1959, a group of Georgetowners formed the City Tavern Association, in part to preserve the historic City Tavern, one of the oldest buildings in Washington, D.C. The old tavern, located just north of the C&O Canal and near M Street and Wisconsin Avenue in Georgetown, was beautifully restored and reopened as a private club in 1962. The clubhouse and its furnishings are fine examples of the American Federal style. The Washington Post called the City Tavern Club "one of the best examples of historic restoration in the city."</p><br>
<h2>City Tavern</h2><br>
<p>The City Tavern was constructed in 1796 and first managed by Clement Sewall, who served in the American Revolution alongside his friend George Washington Parke Custis, George Washington’s step-grandson. Sewall had previously managed another significant inn known as the Fountain Inn (also known as Suter&#39;s Tavern) on Fishing Lane (near the corner of today’s 31st and K Streets), where President Washington negotiated with local land owners to create the new Federal City. At the time, Georgetown was a separate municipality and thriving port in the nascent District of Columbia and the new City Tavern was one of several inns built to meet the growing demand for lodging. Located in the heart of Georgetown, the City Tavern served not only as a traditional lodging house but also as the meeting place for Georgetown’s governing body, the Georgetown Corporation and the location for elections and meetings of the Mayor’s Court. It also served as the terminal stop of the Georgetown-Frederick stagecoach line. Of the several taverns that were constructed in Georgetown during the founding era, the City Tavern is the only one that remains today.</p><br>
<p>Many of the country’s founding fathers, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams frequented the City Tavern during this historic time. President Washington was on the Board of the Bank of Columbia next door, and President Adams stayed at the City Tavern when he came from Philadelphia to inspect the buildings under construction for the new national capital. On June 6, 1800, Adams was honored at a banquet in the Long Room of the Tavern where “the utmost harmony and conviviality prevailed,” and he gave the toast, “Georgetown - May its prosperity equal the ardent enterprise of its inhabitants, and the felicity of their situation.” On January 17, 1981, at an occasion to celebrate his upcoming inauguration, President Ronald Reagan alluded to that famous party in a toast he made at the Club. As he raised his glass, President Reagan quipped there was no truth to the rumor that he was present at the banquet honoring President Adams. Today, a portrait of Adams’ wife, Abigail Adams, hangs above the functioning fireplace in the Long Room as a reminder of that momentous occasion over 200 years ago.</p><br>
<p>Management of the City Tavern changed hands many times, and it was known variously as Semmes’ Tavern, The Indian King Tavern, the Columbian Inn, United States Hotel, Georgetown Hotel, and Morgan House, until 1898, when the building was converted to retail use. By 1960, the City Tavern had fallen into a dismal state of disrepair and housed a print shop on its street level. The building faced imminent demise and was scheduled to be razed and paved for a parking lot. A group of Georgetowners happened on the Tavern and, anxious to preserve the historic landmark they found hiding behind the façade of the ordinary print shop, formed the City Tavern Association. Through the Association’s determination and tireless work, the grand old tavern was restored to its original grandeur, while preserving its architectural authenticity, and it reopened as a private club in 1962. The clubhouse and its furnishings are fine examples of the American Federal period, which The Washington Post called, “one of the best examples of historic restoration in the city.”</p><br>
<p>The District of Columbia designated the City Tavern as an historic landmark on November 8, 1964, and the United States Department of the Interior&#39;s National Park Service listed the City Tavern on the National Register of Historic Places on January 17, 1992.</p><br>
<h2>The Club</h2><br>
<p>The City Tavern Club (CTC) is home to the Indian King Society (IKS); for part of its history, the City Tavern was renamed the Indian King Tavern, and to this day its outdoor sign is "The Sign of the Indian King." Members and guests come to CTC for intimate dinners in the library, private luncheons in the Long Room, and elegant galas in the Great Hall. CTC also hosts many special events for both members and guests.</p><br>
<h2>Officers & Governors</h2><br>
<p>Col Kenneth A. Kraft, President</p><br>
<p>Brandon Sherman, Secretary</p><br>
<p>Stuart Chapman, Treasurer</p><br>
<h2>Governors</h2><br>
<p>Kenny Kraft</p><br>
<p>Christopher L. Lucas</p><br>
<p>Zana Metelski</p><br>
<p>William Murray</p><br>
<p>Charles Skuba</p><br>
<h2>Governors Emeriti</h2><br>
<p>Jeffrey J. Kimbell</p><br>
<p>Franklin C. Phifer</p><br>
<p>The DEntrecasteaux Channel is a body of water located between Bruny Island and the south-east of the mainland of Tasmania, Australia. The channel is the mouth for the estuaries of the Derwent and the Huon Rivers and empties into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean. It was sighted by Abel Tasman in 1642 and surveyed in 1792 by Bruni dEntrecasteaux.</p><br>
<p>Towns on the D&#39;Entrecasteaux Channel include Snug, Margate, Kettering, Woodbridge, Flowerpot, Middleton and Gordon.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to The Mercury newspaper, the channel "..... was discovered on April 20. 1792, by the celebrated French "Vice-Admiral Bruni DEntrecasteaux, who, in the ships Recherche and Esperance, was searching for ill-fated La Perouse. Visiting Van Diemens Land for the first time, he was attempting to find an anchorage in Adventure Bay, when, being himself ill in bed, the ships navigators entered the channel to the west of Bruny Island, instead of going to the eastward of it. Thus, the discovery of the great channel was due to an accident. This is Labillardieres account of the matter. A wrong bearing taken of the Mewstone accounts for the French navigator&#39;s error."</p><br>
<h2>Geography and environment</h2><br>
<p>The D&#39;Entrecastaux Channel region sheltered by Bruny Island is increasingly affected by foreshore erosion, in some areas sandbagging aims to reduce the effects.</p><br>
<p>The channel is a breeding ground for scallops. Prior to 1969, fishing dredges were used to collect scallops from the seafloor. Damage caused by the dredging has led to collection by scuba divers.</p><br>
<p>The D&#39;Entrecasteaux Channel has become a popular location for keen photographers to capture images of the Aurora Australis with its numerous southern-facing water views and beaches, although light pollution from the numerous salmon farms is now starting to impact on this visual beauty from many locations.</p><br>
<p>Kettering - Easter Sunrise 109.jpgD&#39;Entrecasteaux Channel from.</p><br>
<p>DEntrecasteaux Channel 20th December 2015.jpgAurora Australis over DEntrecasteaux Channel near.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Bryan Park, also known as Bryan Park, is a public park in the city of Richmond, Virginia. The park was a memorial to Joseph Bryan , the founder and publisher of the Richmond Times-Dispatch newspaper. It was given to the city in 1910 by Belle Stewart Bryan and her family.</p><br>
<p>The park is open daily without charge. There is a network of hiking/biking trails throughout the park.</p><br>
<p>Bryan Park has been the venue for the Richmond Vegetarian Festival every year from 2003 through 2017.</p><br>
<p>Adjacent to the park is the Bryan Park Interchange, the intersection of I-95, I-64, and I-195</p><br>
<h2>Azalea Garden</h2><br>
<p>The Joseph Bryan Park Azalea Garden (17 acres) is a botanical garden specializing in azaleas, located within Joseph Bryan Park.</p><br>
<p>The azalea garden proper started in 1952 by Mr. Robert E. Harvey, a former Recreation and Parks Superintendent. Over some 15 years, Mr. Harvey and volunteers planted about 450,000 azalea plants (of 50 varieties) in more than 75 beds. They also constructed a small pond with fountain. Peak season is April 1 to May 15.</p><br>
<p>Runaway Pond refers to a lake formerly called Long Pond in Glover, Vermont. The name arose from an environmental disaster in 1810, when a manual attempt to divert some of the water of Long Pond broke the bank, causing the entire lake to suddenly empty out into the Barton River, uncontrolled.</p><br>
<p>The site is located 5 mi south of what is today the central village of Glover. It is now a marsh.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>An engineer estimated that Long Pond must have contained 1,988,000,000 USgal of water.</p><br>
<p>It was about 1.5 mi long, 0.5 mi wide, and averaged from 80 to 100 ft deep and 150 ft deep in the center.</p><br>
<p>With a surface area of 480 acres, Long Pond exceeded the 100-acre guideline to be considered a lake by today&#39;s standards.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On June 6, 1810 it was a dry summer and the Barton River, which supplied the power for grist mills in Glover and northward, was running very low. At the request of Arron Willson, the local Glover gristmill owner, 60 men and boys attempted to create a new north outlet from Long Pond to the Barton River, but instead, they unintentionally caused the banks of the pond to give way. This resulted in a flood throughout the Barton River Valley.</p><br>
<p>The valley drops 600 ft from Runaway Pond to Orleans for an average of about 40 ft per 1 mi.Lake Memphremagog Watershed</p><br>
<p>Including Barton, Black, and Clyde River Watersheds</p><br>
<p>Water Quality and Aquatic Life Assessment Update,</p><br>
<p>Vermont Agency of Natural Resources</p><br>
<p>Department of Environmental Conservation</p><br>
<p>Monitoring, Assessment and Planning Program</p><br>
<p>December 2015 retrieved November 16, 2016</p><br>
<p>The initial surge took trees and huge boulders with it, building up a logjam, which stopped the flood temporarily until the water pressure behind the jam built up, causing a breakthrough. This scenario kept recurring in the flood&#39;s progress down to Barton.</p><br>
<p>One of the laborers, Spencer Chamberlain, ran ahead of the flood just in time to save Arron Willson&#39;s wife, working at the mill. In fact, no lives were lost.</p><br>
<p>The water ran out of the pond in 1 hour and 15 minutes, but the mud ran out for hours. The water reached Lake Memphremagog in 4 hours and reportedly raised the level there 1 ft.</p><br>
<p>The wayward pond was thereafter called "Runaway Pond."</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>The Runaway Pond is a simple and straightforward example of a disaster to the natural environment inadvertently caused by human activity.</p><br>
<p>The results of the flood can still be seen today at Clark Pond which is just north of the Runaway Pond site, and elsewhere in the Barton River valley.</p><br>
<p>Chamberlain&#39;s act is commemorated each year on Glover Day (the last Saturday of July) by a 5.5 mi road race following the path of the flood.</p><br>
<p>On June 4, 5, and 6, 2010, the Glover Historical Society sponsored a celebration of the Runaway Pond event.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>Memorial Building, also known as G.A.R. Memorial Hall, is a historic Grand Army of the Republic hall located at 120 West 10th Avenue, in Topeka, Kansas, United States. On July 17, 1975, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The construction of Memorial Hall was financed by war claims paid to the State of Kansas by the federal government; one for $97,466.02 for equipping and putting soldiers in the field during the American Civil War, and the other for $425,065.43 for repelling invasions of Confederate soldiers and dealing with American Indian Wars.</p><br>
<p>In 1909, a legislative money appropriation act was passed. A commission selected the site, acquired the land title, and supervised construction of Memorial Hall. On September 27, 1911, President William Howard Taft laid the ceremonial cornerstone. The building was completed in 1914 and dedicated before 25,000 people on May 27 of that same year.</p><br>
<p>Since 2000, Memorial Hall has served as headquarters for the Kansas Attorney General and Kansas Secretary of State.</p><br>
<p>Fort Popham is a Civil War-era coastal defense fortification at the mouth of the Kennebec River in Phippsburg, Maine. It is located in sight of the short-lived Popham Colony and, like the colony, named for George Popham, the colony&#39;s leader.</p><br>
<h2>Predecessors</h2><br>
<p>During the American Revolution a minor fortification stood on this site; in 1808 the federal government built a small battery to accommodate guns on field carriages on this location as part of the Second System of fortifications that guarded the coast. These forts and batteries were built shortly after the passage of Thomas Jeffersons Embargo Act of 1807, which prohibited all exports from the US as an attempt to exert pressure on Britain and France, which had been taking actions against US shipping. The first use of some of these forts was to enforce the embargo. The embargo was deeply unpopular in New England and had severe economic effects there; the embargo was repealed in March 1809, but the situation with Britain ultimately led to the War of 1812. It was felt that these forts were built as much to enforce the embargo as to defend the country, and they were derisively known as "embargo forts". The battery is mentioned in the Secretary of Wars reports on fortifications for December 1808 and December 1811. It was called the "Battery on Hunnewells Point" or the "Georgetown Battery" (at the time Georgetown included Phippsburg). In 1811 it was described as "An enclosed work, with a battery of six heavy guns mounted, a small magazine, and wooden barracks for 40". The battery remained manned until 1815 and saw minor action during the War of 1812. After the war four of the guns were relocated to a new battery at Coxs Head, north of Fort Popham on the west bank of the Kennebec. This was a brick fort with barracks for 105 men.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of Fort Popham was authorized in 1857 as part of the Third System of fortifications but did not begin until 1861. The fort was built from granite blocks quarried on nearby Fox and Dix Islands. It had a 30 ft-high wall facing the mouth of the Kennebec River and was built in a crescent shape, measuring approximately 500 ft in circumference.</p><br>
<p>During the closing months of the American Civil War, from October 1864 to July 1865, the fort was garrisoned by the 7th Unassigned Company of Maine Infantry. The 7th Company was commanded by Captain Augustin Thompson, who is best known as the inventor of Moxie.</p><br>
<p>Fort Popham was originally designed to mount 42 heavy guns, a mix of 10-inch and 15-inch Rodman guns, but construction was halted in 1869 with only two of the planned three tiers completed. In the late 19th century, Fort Popham&#39;s armament consisted of 36 Rodman guns and some 300-pounder (10-inch) and smaller Parrott rifles. One of the Rodman guns was donated to the town of Bowdoinham to remember its soldiers who died in the Civil War. The cannon is still there. A 100-pounder (6.4-inch) Parrott rifle sits near the fort grounds; it was listed as being at the fort in 1903. The back side of Fort Popham was built with a low moated curtain containing a central gate and 20 musket ports.</p><br>
<p>War experience showed that masonry forts were vulnerable to modern rifled guns. As a result, in 1869 construction at Fort Popham stopped before the fortification was completed. The fort was garrisoned again after additional work was performed during the Spanish–American War and World War I. In the 1890s Fort Popham received new facilities for a controlled minefield in the river at the fort as part of the Endicott program of improved fortifications. In 1898, shortly after the Spanish-American War broke out, Congress made numerous emergency appropriations, including $3,200 to deploy the mines in the Kennebec. This was an emergency measure to provide modern guns at threatened locations until the Endicott program forts could be completed. Under this program, construction of Fort Baldwin on the headland above Fort Popham began in 1905 with longer-range guns, which eventually rendered Fort Popham obsolete. However, at the time Fort Baldwin was built, Fort Popham remained important due to the minefield facilities.</p><br>
<p>Fort Popham was probably part of the Coast Defenses of the Kennebec command at some point. However, references indicate this command was combined with the Coast Defenses of Portland at some time prior to 1917. During World War I, Forts Popham and Baldwin were garrisoned by about 200 men of the 13th and 29th Coast Artillery companies of the Coast Defenses of Portland. Although Fort Baldwin was disarmed in 1924, the mine facilities at Fort Popham may have remained operational through World War II, during which Fort Baldwin was rearmed with towed artillery.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>The fort, located two miles (3 km) from popular Popham Beach State Park, is open to the public as Fort Popham State Historic Site. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Fort Popham Memorial on October 1, 1969, reference number 69000012.</p><br>
<p>Cheonjiyeon Waterfall is a waterfall on Jeju Island, South Korea. Literally, the name Cheonjiyeon means sky  connected with land . It is 22 m high and 12 m wide. Though water always falls in one particular area, depending on the amount of recent rain, the water may spread out. These falls are characterized by its trachyte andesite rocks. The source of Cheonjiyeon Waterfall is a spring that comes out of the floor of the Somban Stream. The stream Yeonhee-chun is the source of the waterfall. The waterfall is one of the three famous waterfalls of Jeju, the other two being Cheonjeyeon Waterfall and Jeongbang Waterfall.</p><br>
<p>In order to reach the waterfall, visitors must walk on a landscaped trail. Near the beginning of the path is a traditional Korean raft called t&#39;e-u (테우), symbolizing Korean culture. It is the most popular at night, because the falls are illuminated. At night, the "Hidden Face," a formation of rocks, may be visible with the night lights, and the falls are popular for lovers. The Cheonjiyeon Waterfall is also known for its diverse plant and animal life, as the path to the waterfall goes through a garden of subtropical plants. Migratory ducks, Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus (Natural Monument no. 163), Psilotum nudum, and Castanopsis cuspidata var.</p><br>
<p>sieboldii, Xylosma congestum, and Camellia are some examples of the flora and fauna around the falls. Just before reaching the falls on the path, one must cross a bridge from which a wide variety of koi fish can be seen below. Along the way are three piles of stacked or balanced rocks that are a common sight throughout the whole of South Korea. In olden days, a person would place a small stone under a larger stone and pray for the health and prosperity of their family. Its pond is known for being a habitat of the marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata), which is mainly active at night. Known as the Mutae (무태) eel, it is classified in Korea as Natural Monument no. 27.</p><br>
<p>Hope Valley was the first full-fledged country club community in the suburbs of Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. It is developed around an 18-hole Donald Ross golf course. Created in 1925-26 just before the stock market crash of 1929, Hope Valley remained a unique rural colony until after World War II. Well outside the city limits Hope Valley was situated between Durham and Chapel Hill, and their university campuses, Duke and UNC Chapel Hill. It was one of North Carolina&#39;s first suburbs designed to be completely serviced by the automobile, well beyond urban transportation routes. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 as the Hope Valley Historic District, a national historic district.</p><br>
<h2>Hope Valley Historic District</h2><br>
<p>The district encompasses 80 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing objects in a predominantly upper-class residential section of Durham. They were built between 1927 and 1959 and include notable examples of Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival style architecture. The centerpiece of the district is the country club and golf course. Located in the district is the separately listed Wiley and Elizabeth Forbus House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hope Valleys original developers were Jesse Mebane of Greensboro, North Carolina and Walter Sharpe of Burlington, North Carolina (Mebane and Sharpe, Inc.). Early investors included many local residents and Greensboros Richardson Family (Richardson - Vicks Pharmaceuticals) who later took control of the development and renaming the corporation Hope Valley, Inc.</p><br>
<p>In a rare collaboration, Donald Ross, Aymar Embury II, and Robert Cridland came together to create Hope Valley. Ross designed the 18 hole golf course, Embury designed the French Eclectic style Country Club Clubhouse, and Cridland designed the roadways and landscape.</p><br>
<p>The Hope Valley Country Club (HVCC) golf course has undergone a multimillion-dollar renovation and restoration, with a major focus on its greens. The Hope Valley Country Club created by a collaboration of the developments original backers and Durham business leaders has been the careful steward of this Donald Ross "Gem" for over 80 years. The course is known for having a member of the Crichton family on staff from the clubs opening to today. In the Spring of 2013 HVCC completed a renovation of its swimming pools and surrounding wet areas. The club also has an active year-round tennis program with seven clay courts and two hard courts.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is experiencing infill as retiring and moving residents sell their side lots, mid-century ranches and investment properties. There have also been some (tragic) examples of "tear down" purchases. The homes of some of Durham&#39;s first and second generation business, education and social leaders including Russell Barringer, Frank Kenan, Herschel Caldwell, Wilburt Davison, and John Moorhead have been razed for new residential construction.</p><br>
<p>The Hubert Teer House, a Hope Valley landmark from 1932, is well known for the exact miniature model of it that Mr. Teer built on the grounds as a playhouse for his daughter. It underwent a significant and sympathetic restoration by its current resident Mr. Teer&#39;s above-mentioned daughter and her husband prior to 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Hope Valley neighborhood is often referred to as "Old Hope Valley", with a relative absence of newly constructed homes with the vast majority of houses situated on lots that are considerably larger than those in newer, close-by developments (including the adjacent areas of "New Hope Valley", and Marydell, Woodcroft and Hope Valley Farms)--some as much as four acres. Many areas in Hope Valley are heavily wooded and are home to deer, foxes, red-shouldered hawks and barred owls. Hope Valley is convenient to Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh Durham Airport, Cary and Raleigh via I-40 (3 miles South).</p><br>
<p>Green Spring Gardens  is a public park, including a historic 18th century plantation house "Green Spring", which is the heart of a national historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The Fairfax County Park Authority operates Green Spring with the assistance of various nonprofit organizations concerned with history and gardening. Open daily without charge, the street address is 4603 Green Spring Road, Alexandria, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Holdings</h2><br>
<p>The historic district encompasses 2 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures located within the park. It includes the brick farmhouse, built about 1777–1784, a 19th-century spring house, a family cemetery, archaeological site, subterranean brick vault, and a small 4-chambered stone structure. The property&#39;s landscape was redesigned in 1942, in the Colonial Revival style by noted landscape architects Beatrix Farrand and Walter Macomber. The house and grounds were donated to Fairfax County in 1970 by New Republic publisher Michael Whitney Straight and his wife Belinda Straight, who had moved their family to Washington D.C. during Massive Resistance.</p><br>
<p>Its estate gardens (popular among local wedding photographers) feature boxwood hedging, roses, and perennial as well as annual borders. The park also has a tropical greenhouse, a wooded stream valley with ponds and gazebo, a naturalistic native plant garden, and over 20 demonstration gardens. It is a member of the North American Plant Collections Consortium for its Hamamelis collection (130 taxa, including all 4 species).</p><br>
<p>Nisida is a volcanic islet of the Flegrean Islands archipelago, in southern Italy. It lies at a very short distance from Cape Posillipo, just north of Naples; it is now connected to the mainland by a stone bridge. The islet is almost circular, with a flooded crater forming the bay of Porto Paone on the southwest coast. It has a diameter of about 0.5 km and a highest altitude of 105 m.</p><br>
<p>The name of the island comes from the Greek for "islet" (small island), νησίς, for which the accusative was nesida.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>In ancient times Lucius Licinius Lucullus built a villa on Nisida, and also Marcus Iunius Brutus had a holiday villa there. Ciceros letters record him visiting Brutus there, and it was there that Brutuss wife Porcia, the daughter of Cato Uticensis, committed suicide. He also may have agreed with Cassius on the assassination of Julius Caesar there. The claim is made that some of archaeological remains on Nisida are, indeed, those of the villa of Brutus. There may have been a monastery there in the 7th century (see below). In the 16th century a castle was built, which was subsequently a fief of the Macedonio family.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, Nisida was the site of an infamous Bourbon prison that gained notoriety when - after a visit to the prison in 1851 - William Ewart Gladstone wrote his Two Letters to the Earl of Aberdeen on the State Prosecutions of the Neapolitan Government, exposing the harsh conditions. In these letters, Gladstone coined the now famous description of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies as "the negation of God erected into a system of Government." Indignation throughout Europe was partially responsible for the at least partial improvement of the conditions in the prison.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War, the island was occupied by British Army and became "55 Military Prison". At least one execution of a criminal took place there during this time: 1474762 Gunner G.T. Huckell of the Royal Artillery was executed by firing squad on Nisida at 7.31 am on 23 May 1944. He was 26 years old and had been convicted of murdering and robbing an Italian civilian named Rudolfo Mastrominico. Huckell was subsequently buried in Plot II, Row E, Grave 3 at Naples War Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>From 1946 through 1961 the island was home to the Accademia Aeronautica, the Italian Air Force Academy, which has since moved to a hilltop campus on the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Nisida is divided now between a naval headquarters belonging to the Italian Navy and a juvenile detention facility.</p><br>
<h2>A monastery at Nisida</h2><br>
<p>The surprisingly extensive connections between the island and Britain may begin in the 7th century with Hadrian or Adrian of Canterbury, abbot of Christchurch, Dorset. Bede records that he was a Greek-speaking Berber from North Africa, who was abbot of a monastery near Naples (non longe a Neapoli). The name of the monastery varies with different textual traditions between monasterium Niridanum and Hiridanum. Neither is identifiable as a place near Naples, which has led many scholars to think that "Nisidanum", or "of Nisida" was meant. There are no other records of a monastery there, although there were many around the Bay of Naples. Hadrian was twice offered the position of Archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Vitalian, but instead suggested Theodore of Tarsus, who then insisted that Hadrian accompany him. It is thought that a hypothetical "Neapolitan Gospelbook" which then ended up at Wearmouth-Jarrow is the source of some Neapolitan elements found in Northumbrian gospel manuscripts including the Lindisfarne Gospels, which records feasts which were celebrated only in Naples: the birth of Saint Januarius and the Dedication of the Basilica of Stephen.</p><br>
<p>The Blüemlisalp is a massif of the Bernese Alps, in the territory of the municipalities of Kandersteg and Reichenbach im Kandertal.</p><br>
<p>Its main peaks are:</p><br>
<p>Blüemlisalphorn (3,661 m)</p><br>
<p>Wyssi Frau (3,648 m) 46&deg;29&prime;35&Prime;N latitude, 7&deg;47&prime;0&Prime;E longitude</p><br>
<p>Morgenhorn (3,623 m) 46&deg;29&prime;46&Prime;N latitude, 7&deg;47&prime;28&Prime;E longitude</p><br>
<p>The entire massif is contained within the canton of Berne, as it lies north of the main crest and water divide of the Bernese Alps. To the west, it is connected with the Doldenhorn group via the Oeschinenhorn and Fründenhorn peaks; to the east, it is continued by the Gspaltenhorn. To the south, it is connected to the main crest by the Tschingel Pass.</p><br>
<p>Ascent is from the (2,840 m), over the glacier, past the Wildi Frau (3,260 m)</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Blüemlisalp forms a ridge of great height, cut away in precipices on the southeast side, surmounted by four principal peaks, in the following order, reckoning from east to west: Morgenhorn (3,623 m), Wyssi Frau (3,648 m), the Blüemlisalphorn (3,661 m) and the Oeschinenhorn (3,486 m). To the southwest of the last peak, and between it and the Doldenhorn, is a minor summit — the Fründenhorn (3,369 m). In front of the main ridge, as seen from the northwest, e. g. from the Dündenhorn, are seen three minor peaks which project as steep islets of rock from the great glacier-fields that cover that side of the mountain. These are the Wildi Frau (3,260 m), the Ufem Stock (3,221 m), and the Blümlisalp Rothhorn (3,297 m).</p><br>
<p>The two main feeders of the Blüemlisalp Glacier (German: Blüemlisalpgletscher) flow downwards through the openings between the three last-named summits, but a short branch from the ice-stream that descends between the Wildi Frau and the Ufem Stock turns to the north, and flows into the head of the Kiental.</p><br>
<h2>First ascent</h2><br>
<p>The highest peak was ascended in 1860 by Leslie Stephen, accompanied by R. and J.K. Stone, with Melchior Anderegg and Pierre Simond of Argentière as guides. Starting from the chalets of the Oeschinenalp at 2 a.m., they reached the ridge near the Dündengrat at 4.15. Then mounting over snowfields, and the glacier lying between the Wilde Frau and the Ufem Stock, they passed behind, or south, of the latter summit, and gained the depression between the Blüemlisalp Rothhorn and the highest peak at 6 a.m. They finally reached the top 2 hours laters, Stephen wrote:</p><br>
<p>The Norfolk Botanical Garden  is a botanical garden with arboretum located at 6700 Azalea Garden Road, Norfolk, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Hours of operation</h2><br>
<p>April 1 - October 16</p><br>
<p>Gate is open from 9am - 7pm</p><br>
<p>Garden is open from 9am - 7pm</p><br>
<p>October 16 - April 30</p><br>
<p>Gate is open from 9am - 5pm</p><br>
<p>Garden is open from 9am - 5pm</p><br>
<p>Closed on Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year&#39;s Day.</p><br>
<h2>Admission to the garden</h2><br>
<p>Members Free</p><br>
<p>Adults $11</p><br>
<p>Seniors and Military $10</p><br>
<p>Children & Youth (3-18) $9</p><br>
<p>Toddlers (2 and under) Free with Parent or Guardian</p><br>
<p>Boat Tours:</p><br>
<p>Adults $8</p><br>
<p>Toddlers (2 and under) Free</p><br>
<p>Sunset Boat Tours:</p><br>
<p>Adult Members $10</p><br>
<p>Adult Non-members $18</p><br>
<p>Toddlers (2 and under) Free</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Norfolk Botanical Garden was first called the Norfolk Azalea Garden and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Today the grounds include numerous theme gardens, including:</p><br>
<p>All-American Selections Display Garden - features All-America Selections (AAS) of new annual varieties.</p><br>
<p>Annette Kagan Healing Garden - medicinal plants, stream, and pools.</p><br>
<p>Bicentennial Rose Garden (1976) - over 3,000 rose plants representing more than 430 varieties.</p><br>
<p>Border Walk - traditional English-style border, with tulips, daffodils, pansies, as well as azaleas, hibiscus Diane, impatiens, petunias, and gomphrena.</p><br>
<p>Bristow Butterfly Garden (2 acres) - a habitat for butterflies and moths.</p><br>
<p>Colonial Herb Garden - American herb garden of the 18th and 19th centuries, hedged with boxwood.</p><br>
<p>Conifer Garden - dwarf and large conifers, including arborvitae, cryptomeria, False Cypress, juniper, and spruce.</p><br>
<p>Fern Glade - numerous fern species.</p><br>
<p>Flowering Aboretum (17.5 acres) - a collection of 336 flowering trees.</p><br>
<p>Four Seasons Garden and Wildflower Meadow (1994) - more than 50 wildflower species and 10 species of grasses.</p><br>
<p>Fragrance Garden (1963) - fragrance plants, including bayberry, fringetree, lavender, osmanthus, peppermint, wintersweet, and fragrant flowering bulbs.</p><br>
<p>Hofheimer Camellia Garden (1992) - one of the region&#39;s largest camellia collection; more than 500 varieties. Predominant types are varieties of Camellia japonica and C. sasanqua.</p><br>
<p>Holly Garden & Turner Sculpture Garden (1950s, 3 acres) - evergreen hollies in garden "rooms". The garden contains 121 varieties of hollies, including more than 20 types of American and Asiatic hollies and a dozen English hollies are grouped by geographic regions.</p><br>
<p>Japanese Garden (1962) - created to honor Norfolk&#39;s sister city, Moji, Japan, and rededicated in 1962 to Kitakyushu, formerly Moji; redesigned and refurbished in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Kaufman Hydrangea Garden - nearly 200 varieties of hydrangea and close relatives.</p><br>
<p>Matson Garden (0.25 acres) - large sweeps of perennials and smaller mixed groups.</p><br>
<p>Mirror Lake (1939) - lake with paved trail and small woodland trails.</p><br>
<p>NATO Overlook - view of garden, with redwoods and blue atlas cedars; named in honor of the nearby NATO installation.</p><br>
<p>Norfolk International Airport Overlook - detailed map of Norfolk International Airport with a description of how planes work. Visitors can monitor airport ground communications.</p><br>
<p>Purity Garden - Cataldi&#39;s sculpture of Madonna and Child, with backdrop of camellias.</p><br>
<p>Renaissance Garden (1994) - patterned upon Italian Renaissance gardens of the late 16th century, with vista, terraces, stone fences, statues of the seasons, and reflective pool and fountain.</p><br>
<p>Rhododendron Glade - more than 175 azalea and rhododendron varieties.</p><br>
<p>Sarah Lee Baker Perennial Garden (1 acre) - more than 200 varieties of perennials, in a formal setting with limestone fountain and canals.</p><br>
<p>Statuary Vista - eleven, seven-foot heroic sized statues carved from Carrara marble by Sir Moses Jacob Ezekiel in Rome, 1879–1884, for William Wilson Corcoran, founder of the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. These statues were originally designed to be set in second-story niches in the Corcoran Gallery, and depict notable artists (Rembrandt, Rubens, Canova, Phidias, Murillo, Dürer, da Vinci, etc.).</p><br>
<p>Sunken Garden (1963) - small pool with shade and sun plants.</p><br>
<p>Tropical Garden - bananas, elephant ears, eucalyptus, gingers, etc.</p><br>
<p>Virginia Native Plant Garden (6 acres) - four plant communities that once covered much of southeastern Virginia: bald cypress / tupelo swamp; bottomland hardwood forest; longleaf pine flatwoods; and Atlantic white cedar forest.</p><br>
<p>Winter Garden - plants of winter interest.</p><br>
<p>World of Wonders (3 acres) - for families and children.</p><br>
<h2>Tours offered</h2><br>
<h3>Tram</h3><br>
<p>The tram starts in front of Baker Hall Visitor Center, in the designated tram circle. The tram tour takes approximately 25 minutes, and has six stops around the garden. On weekdays the tram runs at the top of the hour, and on weekends the trams runs every half hour. The tram is driven by a Garden Guide that will explain the different gardens passed by during the tour.</p><br>
<h3>Rose Walking</h3><br>
<p>This tour is an in depth view of the Bicentennial Rose Garden. It was completed in 1976 in honor of America&#39;s 200th birthday. Inside the 3.5 acres there are 3,000 individual rose bushes representing roughly 400 cultivars. It was previously one of 23 testing sites for the All-American Selection for roses (All American Rose Selection), and now it is a designated display site only.</p><br>
<h3>Boat</h3><br>
<p>A 45-minute tour that starts and end at the boat basin right behind Baker Hall and next to the Japanese Garden. The tour goes out onto Lake Whitehurst, where you learn about the lake and all the inhabitants.</p><br>
<h3>Sunset Boat</h3><br>
<p>These tours are only offered about once a month. It is a tour that lasts for an hour and a half out on Lake Whitehurst. It is a more in-depth look into the body of water and all its inhabitants than the daily boat tour.</p><br>
<p>The Tongariro River is a river in the North Island of New Zealand. The part of the Waikato River from the Waihohonu Stream, down to Lake Taupo, was formally named the Tongariro River in 1945. The river originates in the Central Plateau of the North Island where it is fed by numerous tributaries  that flow off the surrounding hill ranges and mountains such as Mount Ruapehu. It then winds its way north, through the township of Turangi before entering Lake Taupo via a number of river mouths. The minimum volume of water flowing down the lower Tongariro River ranges from approximately 16 m3/s  to 21 m3/s . This volume can substantially increase due to catchment of rainfall by the surrounding mountains and hill ranges.</p><br>
<p>The Tongariro River is New Zealand&#39;s most fished river, and is a drawcard for anglers the world over, who come to the Tongariro to fish for spawning rainbow trout and brown trout, which run up the river from the lake to spawn over the colder winter months. Approximately 75% of the trout in the Tongariro are rainbow trout, and 25% are brown trout.</p><br>
<p>The Tongariro is classed as one of the best trout fishing rivers in the world, and part of its charm lies in its accessibility. New Zealand’s State Highway 1 follows the river for a number of kilometres providing anglers with easy access to the numerous pools and rapids. As many waterways in New Zealand are owned by the Crown, no one person has ownership of any stretch of water. For the cost of a Taupo Fishing Licence (NZ$99.00 for a 2017–18 seasonal licence or NZ$42.00 for a week) anyone can fish the river. It is therefore not unusual to see locals fishing alongside overseas anglers or celebrities (who are usually out with a guide).</p><br>
<p>Pools on the Tongariro River are usually named after historical people who have fished the river (Major Jones Pool, Duchess Pool), or their geographic location (Birch Pool, Fence Pool, Redhut Pool). Floods have significantly altered the size and shape of many of these pools (such as in 2004 when the Breakaway Pool was completely lost due a change in the rivers direction), while others such as the Major Jones Pool have remained relatively unchanged in the last 50 years.</p><br>
<p>Fishing techniques that prove to be popular include nymphing, wet lining and dry fly techniques. A fly fishing casting technique similar to a single handed spey cast called the Tongariro roll cast was developed on this river. The name was coined by Herb Spannagl who noticed its use on the Tongariro and felt it was sufficiently different from other casting techniques. The Tongariro roll cast is used to cast a fly line in situations where there are obstacles behind the caster that obstruct the angler from using traditional fly casting techniques.</p><br>
<h2>Whitewater kayaking and rafting</h2><br>
<p>The Tongariro River has 3 main sections of whitewater; named Access 14, Access 13 and Access 10. These sections are the most popular on the Tongariro and provide grade 4, 3+ and 3 whitewater respectively. Lesser run sections of grade 2 exist, the first of which runs down to the put-in of Access 14 and the lower section runs from Blue Pool to Turangi. Sections of nearly unpaddleable whitewater fill the two main gorges, Tree Trunk Gorge and Waikato Gorge.</p><br>
<h3>Recreational releases</h3><br>
<p>The dictates that as part of mitigation for the loss of recreational amenities on the Tongariro River, Genesis Energy must divert water into natural riverbed for 3 weekends per year. This is purely for recreational enjoyment and separate from any maintenance or flushing flows that are otherwise necessary. The dates for these releases are set in conjunction with the national body and generally are structured such that Access 10 releases are on a Saturday and Access 14/13 are on the Sunday of the same weekend. Flows of 30 m3/s are released from Rangipo Dam for a duration of 8 hours. Flows of 30 cumecs are released from the Poutu Intake for 6 hours. The Access 14/13 sections are not able to be paddled without a release from Genesis Energy, due to the fact that the minimum required flow from below Rangipo Dam is negligible in terms of whitewater and the intake structure at Rangipo is able to take huge amounts of water; so if there is extra storm flow in these sections the flow is generally dangerously high. Access 10 is able to be paddled year-round as the minimum flow of 16 m3/s below Poutu Intake is paddleable - albeit scratchy, and the amount of extra water able to be taken during storm events at Poutu Intake is relatively small so water is often spilled into the river.</p><br>
<h3>Main whitewater sections</h3><br>
<h4>Access 14</h4><br>
<p>This section is generally marketed as grade 4, which reflects more on the required skill of the paddler to complete this section - as in reality it only has a handful of grade 4 rapids. However, due to the continuous nature of the rest of its grade 3+ rapids, cold water and lack of ability to walk out, the section retains its grade 4 status. Access 14 is the highest of the three main sections and also the most narrow and steepest. Although the three sections receive the same amount of water on release days, the Access 14 section is the most confined and steepest, leading to bigger rapids, bigger pressure waves and deeper channels.</p><br>
<p>Care must be taken to identify the takeout of this section, as immediately downstream is the deadly Tree Trunk Gorge section - mistakenly entering this section on a release day would almost certainly end fatally.</p><br>
<h4>Access 13</h4><br>
<p>In between Access 14 and Access 10 both geographically and in terms of difficulty lies the Access 13 section. This section weighs in at grade 3+ and requires hiking into and hiking out of, with another must make takeout; as the equally deadly Waikato Gorge lies just downstream. Access 13 requires some effort to get to, as getting to the put in requires walking from Tree Trunk Gorge road around Tree Trunk Gorge itself and lowering boats down a 15m cliff. Whilst the takeout requires walking around Waikato Gorge through some extremely overgrown bush tracks and plantation forestry. The rapids are most similar to Access 14, with a smaller riverbed constraining the rapids and making them more steep, with deeper channels than Access 10.</p><br>
<h4>Access 10</h4><br>
<p>The Access 10 section is the most popular run on the whole Tongariro River, owing to its ease of access, year round paddleable flows and 60+ grade 3 rapids. Below the Poutu Intake structure Genesis Energy are required to maintain a minimum flow of 16 m3/s (for a number of ecological, aesthetic and recreational reasons) and this is enough to enjoyably kayak or raft the section - although on a release day the flow doubles and the rapids significantly improve. The rapids are all boulder gardens with deep clear water and fun pressure waves. This run can handle huge amounts of water before being considered a "flood run" and is great playboating at any level. Take out is generally at Blue Pool or you can continue down to Turangi township for a couple more kilometers of grade 2.</p><br>
<p>The Peel Harvey Estuary is a natural estuary which lies roughly parallel to the coast of Western Australia and south of the town of Mandurah. The strip of land between the Indian Ocean and the estuary carries the Old Coast Road and to the east is the Forrest Highway which is the main thoroughfare between Perth and the coastal towns of the south west corner of the state including Bunbury and Busselton.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The estuary covers an area of approximately 136 km in total with an average water depth of about 2 m.</p><br>
<p>The Harvey River discharges into the extreme southern end of the elongated Harvey Estuary, which has an area of about 56 km. This in turn feeds into the south-western corner of the more northerly Peel Inlet which is roughly circular and occupies an area of about 75 km. The Serpentine River and Murray Rivers discharge into the eastern edges of Peel Inlet also.</p><br>
<p>A 5 km long channel which passes through the town of Mandurah, then runs into the ocean.</p><br>
<p>After several decades of severe algal blooms in the estuary caused by discharge of nutrients from agricultural land and piggeries along the rivers, a man-made channel was constructed and opened in 1994 as the Dawesville Channel. The channel had the effect of allowing saline sea-water to regularly flush the estuary using tidal flows. Whilst the ecology of the estuary has changed markedly due to the flushing process, water quality generally has improved.</p><br>
<p>The catchment area to the east is largely flat coastal plain with about 75% cleared of native vegetation and used for dryland, dairy and beef grazing. Clearing was done in the early days of settlement to allow agricultural expansion. Drainage systems into the three main rivers have been constructed in much of the catchment to remove excess water quickly.</p><br>
<p>Lake Preston, Lake Clifton and the Leschenault Estuary are farther south.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The estuary is home to abundant marine wildlife including crustaceans such as the blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) and the western king prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus) and fish species such as black bream, mulloway, tailor and cobbler. It is occasionally visited by dolphins.</p><br>
<p>The estuary has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports a significant population of fairy terns, is a drought refuge for blue-billed ducks, and sometimes holds over 1% of the world populations of red-necked stints, sharp-tailed sandpipers, banded stilts, red-necked avocets and red-capped plovers.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational use</h2><br>
<p>The estuary is heavily used for recreational boating and fishing with numerous boat ramps and picnic spots along the extensive foreshore with shaded sandy beaches. Houseboats can be hired at Mandurah to explore the estuary and the Murray River.</p><br>
<p>Urban developments along the shores as well as canal developments in Mandurah and at North and South Yunderup pose significant challenges for its successful future management.</p><br>
<p>The Holdfast Bay is a small bay in Gulf St Vincent, next to Adelaide, South Australia. Along its shores lie the City of Holdfast Bay and the popular beach-side suburb of Glenelg.</p><br>
<h2>European settlement on Holdfast Bay</h2><br>
<p>The bay was named by Colonel William Light, South Australian surveyor general, in mid-1836. In his journal he expressed his pleasure at the quality of the anchorage after riding out a storm.</p><br>
<p>Holdfast Bay was the site of the landings in 1836 and 1837 by pioneers who were to set up the colony of South Australia. On 8 November 1836 Robert Gouger, Colonial Secretary and Chief Magistrate, arrived there aboard the Africaine and set up camp near The Old Gum Tree. With the arrival of Governor Hindmarsh on 28 December and the proclamation of the new colony, the Holdfast Bay settlement became the first seat of government of South Australia. (It remained the seat of government until mid-March 1837.) On 31 December 1836 the Holdfast Bay settlement was renamed Glenelg. The Corporate Town of Glenelg (later City of Glenelg) was established at Glenelg in 1855 to locally govern the township and its surrounds.</p><br>
<p>Oatlands Plantation is an estate located in Leesburg, Virginia. Oatlands is operated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark. The Oatlands property is composed of the main mansion and 415 acres  of farmland and gardens. The house is judged one of the finest Federal period country estate houses in the nation.</p><br>
<p>On the property, in addition to the Mansion, are a number of outbuildings, including the Carriage House, Bachelor&#39;s Cottage, several barns and farm buildings, and a greenhouse, built in 1810, said to be the oldest standing greenhouse in the South.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Oatlands Plantation was established by George Carter, a great grandson of Robert "King" Carter, in 1798 on 3,408 acres (1,980 ha) of farmland. It started as a wheat farm, but expanded to include other grains, sheep, a gristmill and a saw mill, and a vineyard. In 1804, Carter began construction of a Federal mansion, which he expanded in the 1820s and 1830s. He also built a terraced garden and numerous outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>The success of Carter&#39;s plantation and business ventures depended on slave labor. Seventeen enslaved people worked the property when Carter began farming. By purchase and natural increase, the number of slaves had risen to 133 at the time of the 1860 census. Their work included planting and harvesting the fields; caring for farm animals; domestic employment such as cooking, cleaning, caring for children, and sewing; and probably trades such as blacksmithing and milling.</p><br>
<p>George Carters widow, Elizabeth Grayson Lewis Carter, inherited the property after her husbands death in 1846. In 1861, fearing that a battle between Union and Confederate forces was imminent nearby, Elizabeth Carter fled to another of her properties, Bellefield. The Carters&#39; eldest son, George Carter II, reopened the mansion with his wife, Katherine Powell Carter, in 1863 and inherited the property when his mother died in 1887.</p><br>
<p>In 1897 the Carter family sold the mansion with 60 acres (24.3 ha) for $10,000 to Stilson Hutchins, founder of the Washington Post newspaper, who never lived on the property.</p><br>
<p>Hutchins sold Oatlands in 1903 to William Corcoran Eustis and Edith Livingston Morton Eustis. Mrs. Eustis restored the gardens from neglect, adding boxwood-lined parterres to the terraces, statuary, a rose garden, a bowling green, and a reflecting pool. Today her plantings include mature specimens of Buxus sempervirens `Arborescens’ and `Suffruticosa’, Larix decidua, and Quercus robur. The house was also upgraded with modern amenities including indoor plumbing, heating and gas lighting, along with pine floors placed over the original Carter flooring, an elevator, and a custom first floor bathroom for childhood friend, Franklin D. Roosevelt.</p><br>
<p>Due to their prominent political stance in Washington, D.C., the Eustis&#39; had many famous friends including General George C. Marshall, Henry Cabot Lodge, President Harry S. Truman and Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.</p><br>
<p>After Mrs. Eustis death in 1964, her daughters, Margaret and Anne, donated the mansion, furnishings, and estate grounds to Margarets husband, David E. Finley, founder of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971. In 1974 a series of scenic easements around the National Historic Landmark area were designated the Oatlands Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>Oatlands is open for visitation March 30 through December 30 seven days a week of each year. An admission fee is charged.</p><br>
<p>Brooks Pond is a Massachusetts water body that is privately owned, controlled and managed, and bordered by the towns of North Brookfield, Oakham, Spencer, and New Braintree. It forms the headwaters of the Five Mile River, which is part of the Chicopee River Watershed.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Brooks Pond is a mostly shallow pond damned up roughly to its present size in 1848. The actual impoundment/size was again altered slightly after the Hurricane of 1938 washed out the existing bridge and resulted in a slight relocation of the spillway outlet/entry into the Five Mile River. Brooks Pond has been demonstrated via two separate recent studies, including one conducted by an expert firm, to originally have been well under 10 acre in size in its naturally occurring state, thus disqualifying it as a Massachusetts Great Pond. This has been affirmed in a Massachusetts Court Case (Ref: Worcester Superior Court, Civil Action No. 04-0341, dated December 31, 2009. Judgment on Finding issued January 6, 2010). As noted above, it has been considerably enhanced in size by an earthen dam and cast spillway, and some parts range to 26 feet (8 m) in depth. The water is generally clean but exhibits slight coloration from leaf tannin and gets quite warm in the summertime. Brooks Pond is near a watershed boundary where waters to its north and west are part of the Ware River watershed and waters to its south and east are part of the Quaboag River watershed. Situated in a heavily forested area, the character of the pond in decades past—of mainly just summerhomes—has yielded to increasing numbers of permanent, full-time residences along its lengthy shoreline.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Brooks Pond offers limited fishing opportunities chiefly for the more experienced angler. While there are many warm-water fish present, the large shallow expanses extending beyond the original pond are too shallow, warm and de-oxygenated to support larger fish for much of the year. Less experienced and less skillful anglers thus catch mostly small fish and recite the old saw that the pond is over-fished—which it may be. Nevertheless, despite that popular mantra, Brooks gives up a few hefty largemouth bass to those with the skills to locate and catch them.</p><br>
<p>Lake Moawhango is a small artificial lake located with the New Zealand Army&#39;s Waiouru Military Camp. It is fed by the Mangaio Stream, boosted by tributaries diverted from the slopes of Mt Ruapehu, and by the Moawhango River. Water is taken from the lake for the Tongariro Power Scheme, feeding the Tongariro River via the Moawhango Tunnel, although some water is released to continue down the Moawhango River nearby the settlement of Moawhango. The lake is dammed at the southern end.</p><br>
<p>Lake Moawhango contains a large population of wild rainbow trout, and while these are easily caught, they very rarely exceed 2 lb in weight.</p><br>
<p>The exact antipodes of this lake coincide exactly with the dam of Torre de Abraham, in Castilla - La Mancha, Spain (at coordinates 39.3684&deg; latitude, -4.2534&deg; longitude).</p><br>
<p>Afton Down is a chalk down near the village of Freshwater on the Isle of Wight. Afton Down faces Compton Bay directly to the west, while Freshwater is approximately one mile north.</p><br>
<p>It was the site of the Isle of Wight Festival 1970, where the Guinness Book of Records estimates 600,000 to 700,000, and possibly 800,000 people, flocked to see the musical talents of Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Free, The Who, The Doors, Ten Years After and Jimi Hendrix.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with the native flora of Compton Bay, a variety of hardy plants grow on the down. Large European gorse bushes grow on the cliff, with the shelter they provide allowing other plants such as wild cabbage and birds foot trefoil to thrive. Due to the strong prevailing wind from the English channel to the west, no large trees are able to grow on the down, allowing shrubs and grasses to thrive. The Isle of Wights county flower, the pyramidal orchid, also grows here, along with Plantago lanceolata, the main food plant for the rare Glanville fritillary.</p><br>
<p>There is an obelisk on Afton Down near the cliff edge. It is inscribed with a memorial to a resident of one of the neighbouring villages who died after falling from the cliff in 1846. This obelisk was Grade II listed in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Each side of the obelisk is inscribed with biblical passages in relation to the afterlife.</p><br>
<p>In the 17th century it was common for local people to descend the cliffs to collect seabirds and pick samphire. The birds were killed and plucked and their feathers sold, and the carcasses were sold to local fisherman to bait crab pots. The samphire was pickled and sent to London in barrels.</p><br>
<p>Freshwater Bay Golf Course is located on Afton Down.</p><br>
<p>On the downs are a group of 24 barrows comprising, a long barrow 34.7 m long, 0.9 m high and oriented east-west, 17 bowl barrows, 4 bell barrows and 2 disc barrows (One of which is where the golf course is located). One barrow has been the subject of archaeological interest, and is thought to be from the Bronze Age. The site was excavated in 1817 revealing nothing of significance in the long barrow, but several cremations in the round barrows.</p><br>
<p>Lake Nockamixon is a reservoir in southeastern Pennsylvania, United States, and the largest lake in Bucks County. It is formed by a dam on Tohickon Creek and is the centerpiece of Nockamixon State Park. Swimming is not allowed in the lake, but boating is popular. The park maintains a marina and a boat rental as well as three other boat-launch areas.</p><br>
<p>Sailboating is popular on the lake, with an active sail club organizing activities. Kayaking and small motor (up to 20 hp permitted) boating for fishing and recreation is also plentiful.</p><br>
<p>Fishing from boats and the bank is popular, and common species include striped bass, walleye, pickerel, carp, largemouth and smallmouth bass, muskellunge, and catfish. The water is stained by vegetation and has a very faint current, since the lake is part of the course of Tohickon Creek. It is also fed by two other creeks known as Haycock Run and Three Mile Run.</p><br>
<p>In the winter, the water sometimes freezes over, allowing for ice skating and ice fishing. The lake is surrounded by horse trails which provide for hiking as well.</p><br>
<p>Visitors to the lake can stay in one of several cabins, at nearby Weisel Youth Hostel, or at one of the many local private campgrounds.</p><br>
<p>Water is released from the dam (assuming the reservoir has enough water) on the 3rd full weekend of March and the first full weekend of November to facilitate whitewater paddling on Tohickon Creek. The releases provide enough water to paddle all of the creek, from below the dam to confluence with the Delaware River. The most popular section is the last 3 miles, from Ralph Stover State Park to the Delaware River. Releases are timed to provide sufficient flows in that section from about 9 AM until 4 PM on both Saturday and Sunday.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Creation of the lake was first proposed by the Secretary of the Department of Forests and Water, Dr. Maurice K. Goddard, for recreational uses. It was originally to be called Tohickon Lake, after the creek, but its name was later changed to Nockamixon, meaning "place of soft soil" in the Lenape language. The park today contains several historic Native American sites.</p><br>
<p>Following its proposal in 1958, the dam was built by the Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters. The state park was opened to the public in December 1973.</p><br>
<p>Evergreen Cemetery is a garden style cemetery in the Deering neighborhood of Portland, Maine, United States. With 239 acre of land, it is the largest cemetery in the state. Established in 1855 in what was then Westbrook, the cemetery is home to one of the state&#39;s most impressive collections of funerary art. The 140 acre historical portion of the cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Evergreen Cemetery is located in the central portion of Deering, the large western section of Portland, on the west side of Stevens Avenue, a major north-south artery. The main areas of the cemetery are laid out in with winding curvilinear paths, typical of the rural cemetery movement popular in the 19th century, while later sections of the cemetery are typically (but not entirely) laid out in a more rectilinear fashion. A number of architecturally significant mausoleums are located in the cemetery, the most prominent of which are the Chisholm Tomb and the F.O.J. Smith Tomb; the latter is a small-scale Classical Revival replica of the Maison Carrée, a Roman temple in Nîmes, France.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was established in 1855 in Saccarappa (Westbrook) and became the area&#39;s main cemetery after the Western Cemetery. The original parcel appears to have been about 45 acre, which was repeatedly enlarged beginning about 1869.</p><br>
<h2>Wilde Memorial Chapel</h2><br>
<p>Wilde Memorial Chapel is a Gothic-style chapel. It was built as a mortuary chapel by Falmouth native Mary Ellen Lunt Wilde in 1890. It was designed by Portland architect Frederick A. Tompson and gifted to the city in 1902. The granite building is used for both memorial and wedding services, with a maximum capacity of 105.</p><br>
<h2>Civil War veterans</h2><br>
<p>Evergreen Cemetery contains the remains of about 1,400 veterans of the American Civil War. A memorial to Civil War veterans was donated by brothers Henry and Nathan Cleaves and dedicated on May 30, 1895. The monument consists of a metal soldier standing atop a granite base.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>John Appleton, congressman and assistant secretary of state</p><br>
<p>Carroll Lynwood Beedy, congressman</p><br>
<p>Asa William Henry Clapp, congressman</p><br>
<p>Nathan Clifford, US Attorney General and Associate Justice on the US Supreme Court</p><br>
<p>Neal Dow, mayor, general and candidate for president</p><br>
<p>Francis H. Fassett, architect</p><br>
<p>James D. Fessenden, general</p><br>
<p>Francis Fessenden, general</p><br>
<p>Samuel Fessenden, lieutenant</p><br>
<p>Samuel C. Fessenden, congressman</p><br>
<p>Thomas Amory Deblois Fessenden, congressman</p><br>
<p>William P. Fessenden, congressman, senator and secretary of the treasury</p><br>
<p>Frank Fixaris, sportscaster</p><br>
<p>Elbridge Gerry, congressman</p><br>
<p>Charles Goddard (1879-1951), playwright and screenwriter</p><br>
<p>Robert Christian Hale, lieutenant and congressman</p><br>
<p>Obed Hall, congressman</p><br>
<p>Asher Crosby Hinds, congressman</p><br>
<p>John Lynch, congressman</p><br>
<p>Joseph C. Noyes, congressman</p><br>
<p>John J. Perry, congressman</p><br>
<p>William Lebaron Putnam, mayor</p><br>
<p>Thomas Brackett Reed, congressman and Speaker of the US House of Representatives</p><br>
<p>Ether Shepley, senator</p><br>
<p>George Foster Shepley, general</p><br>
<p>Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith, congressman</p><br>
<p>John Calvin Stevens, architect</p><br>
<p>Lorenzo De Medici Sweat, congressman</p><br>
<p>Henry Goddard Thomas, general</p><br>
<p>Charles W. Walton, congressman</p><br>
<p>Lake Manchester is both a lake in the City of Brisbane and the surrounding locality which is split between the City of Brisbane and Somerset Region in Queensland, Australia. It is 30 km west of the CBD. At the 2011 Australian Census there was no person recorded as living within the locality.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The locality is mostly undeveloped mountainous terrain of the south west DAguilar Range. The north of the suburb is part of the DAguilar National Park and most of the southern parts belong to the Brisbane State Forest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The locality is named after the lake which was created by the Lake Manchester Dam constructed between 1912 and 1916. It is named after civil engineer, Ernest James Theodore Manchester, who was the President of the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board from 1909 to 1928.</p><br>
<p>The Waitahanui River is a river in the North Island of New Zealand.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Waitahanui River is one of the three main rivers that flow into Lake Taupo (the others being the Tongariro River and the Tauranga Taupo River). The Waitahanui flows out of the foothills of the Kaimanawa Ranges and is crossed by State Highway 1 as the river passes through the township of Waitahanui, before entering Lake Taupo.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>The Waitahanui is a popular fishing stream, and during the winter months Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout run up the river to spawn. The Waitahanui Rivermouth is also the location of the Picket Fence, which often sees anglers standing shoulder to shoulder up to their chest across the rivermouth, trying to catch trout as they move out of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Rusk Mountain is a peak located in the towns of Jewett and Lexington in Greene County, New York, United States. At 3,680 feet  in elevation, it is the 20th-highest peak in the Catskill Mountains and considered a member of the Catskill High Peaks. While there is no maintained trail, a bushwhack to the summit is considered relatively easy, and required for membership in the Catskill Mountain 3500 Club.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Rusk is the highest peak (and the only High Peak) on what Catskill forest historian Michael Kudish calls the Lexington Range, the northern of two that fork off from nearby Hunter Mountain, the second-highest Catskill peak. Between Rusk and Taylor Hollow, the col between it and Hunter to its east, there is an unnamed 3,640-foot (1,109 m) summit referred to as East Rusk. The range continues to Evergreen and Packsaddle mountains to the west before ending at Lexington.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is within the Schoharie Creek watershed. Its southern slopes are drained by an unnamed brook that flows down Ox Hollow into Hunter Brook just above where that stream joins the West Kill, which later drains into the Schoharie. The northern slopes drain directly into the Schoharie headwaters just below them. Its runoff helps feed Schoharie Reservoir, part of the New York City water supply system.</p><br>
<p>While Rusk is dwarfed from the perspective of the Spruceton Valley by 3,880-foot (1,183 m), it is more impressive due to a greater rise from the valley floor. The north face can be glimpsed in its entirety from NY 296 just north of its junction with NY 23A.</p><br>
<p>That slope rises up steadily and steeply to the summit ridge. The south is marked by Ox Hollow, and the ridge to its south that is the most frequently used approach when climbing the mountain. The summit ridge leads out to a promontory to the south at the head of the ridge.</p><br>
<p>Much of the mountain is owned by the state of New York, part of its Forest Preserve, and included in what is currently the Hunter Mountain Wild Forest unit of the Catskill Park. A proposed change, however, would upgrade the lands on Rusk and most of its neighboring peaks into a new unit to be called the Hunter-West Kill wilderness area, while preserving a corridor going up Hunter as the Rusk Mountain Wild Forest (although Rusk would not be a part of that). The only large private landholding on the slopes is to the southwest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rusk was named by Arnold Henri Guyot after Samuel Rusk, who assisted the Princeton geology professor on what would be the first accurate survey of the Catskills in the 1870s and 80s. There is some evidence, however, that Guyot meant to name what is today East Rusk after Rusk and save Evergreen for todays Rusk, but got confused with his maps.</p><br>
<p>Guyot made probably what is the first recorded ascent of the mountain during his survey, but it is unknown whether anyone else had come first.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>According to Kudish, Rusk boasts, in the upper reaches of Ox Hollow, one of the few virgin stands of Eastern Hemlock he has so far identified in the Catskills. This suggests that the barkpeelers of the late 19th century, who deforested large tracts of the region looking for tannin, never got up to this area. The peak was, however, definitely well-explored by the local lumber industry, as skid and wood roads can be found in the woods today, some well above 3,000 feet (900 m) in elevation. The forest below that elevation is thus dominated by the beech and maple trees that are common second-growth in the Catskills.</p><br>
<p>Above those elevations, those trees persist, albeit in smaller and more stunted forms as elevation increases, until finally they share the summit ridge with the red spruce and balsam fir of the boreal forest found on Catskill summits. Rusk&#39;s, however, is more open and passable than some of its neighbors.</p><br>
<h2>Approaches</h2><br>
<p>Land ownership and existing roads in the area have long favored the popular southern approach up the ridge leading up to the summit from Ox Hollow, although easier approaches are theoretically possible. Altogether, there are four routes up the mountain.</p><br>
<h3>Ox Hollow</h3><br>
<p>Hikers taking this route park at the Spruceton trailhead along Spruceton Road (Greene County Route 7) six miles (9.6 km) east of NY 42 at West Kill. They follow the Spruceton Trail, the old road to the fire tower on Hunter, for roughly 0.5 mile (900 m) until it makes a sharp curve shortly after crossing Hunter Brook.</p><br>
<p>At that point, an old wood road can be seen intersecting from the southwest. This is followed, making for easy crossings of Hunter&#39;s unnamed tributary and the intermittent Ox Hollow drainage brook. A short distance afterward it is at the center of the ridge.</p><br>
<p>From this point, it is very easy to follow the wide ridge&#39;s line straight up to the promontory. A stone wall left over from past attempts to farm this land runs nearly parallel to the route at first, and then it is necessary to either cut across a corner of private property or drop slightly down into the Ox Hollow side to remain on public land. Most hikers choose the former.</p><br>
<p>The woods here remain fairly open, although stinging nettles flourish here in wetter summers. Above approximately 3,200 feet (975 m), after the last wood road has been crossed and the land belongs to the state once again, the climb becomes more difficult. Not only does the slope becomes steeper and rockier, immature seedlings become denser in the forest understory, making it necessary to gently shove them away and duck underneath or step around them.</p><br>
<p>Hikers who reach the 3,500-foot (1,067 m) cutoff elevation for High Peak status will find themselves at the base of the shale cliffs around the promontory. This is the crux of the Ox Hollow route. While they are not very sheer and present a number of safe routes to a climber willing to use his or her hands, it can take some time to find one and reach the top. A comparatively easy traverse through the cliffs exists, but is not immediately evident, especially in warmer weather when vegetation limits the view.</p><br>
<p>Once atop the promontory, the ground is level. Climbers who turn due north at this point, towards the obvious higher ground, invariably find the herd path that leads toward the 3500 Club summit canister. At the point where it climbs up onto the summit cap, there is in all seasons of year an excellent view east and southeast toward Kaaterskill High Peak, Hunter and Southwest Hunter. Next to the top of the short scramble, there is a somewhat limited view across the valley to West Kill&#39;s summit nunatak.</p><br>
<p>Total vertical gain via this route is 1,597 feet (487 m). Approximate distance to the summit from Spruceton Road is 2 miles (3.2 km)</p><br>
<h4>Drainage variant</h4><br>
<p>A small number of hikers prefer to follow the creek at the bottom of Ox Hollow instead of the ridge and climb the hollow&#39;s steep headwall to the summit or the connecting ridge to East Rusk. This requires more effort later on but avoids the cliffs.</p><br>
<h3>East from Taylor Hollow</h3><br>
<p>When Hunter and Rusk are climbed on the same outing it is common to follow the ridgeline from the Spruceton Trail at Taylor Hollow between the two peaks. This is a gentler rise that also allows for a visit to East Rusk.</p><br>
<h3>Southwest</h3><br>
<p>Since open land, and driveable roads that run off Rusk Mountain Road, climb a good distance up the mountain in this direction it could, if used, provide a relatively easy hike until just before the promontory. However, this land is privately owned and it would be necessary to get permission to cross it.</p><br>
<h3>North face</h3><br>
<p>While this slope is on public land, it is also necessary to get permission to cross private property to reach its base. Some hikers have taken this approach, mainly for variety&#39;s sake. Total gain via this route would be 2,180 feet (664 m). There is no herd path in this direction. Some hikers report views to the Blackhead Range exist but are not significantly different or better than the many found in more accessible locations.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>As with many other Catskill peaks, it is difficult to determine where the true high ground on Rusk is as the top is fairly flat. The herd path from the promontory is fairly strong (though some sections near its start can be almost imperceptible in summer when the surrounding ferns grow waist-high) and gets wider and easier to follow as it gets closer to the canister, located near the northwest corner of the summit. There is ample room for a party of hikers to relax and have lunch around it, as many do.</p><br>
<p>There are few views that equal the viewpoint early on the herd path, though some limited ones to West Kill and its neighbors are available for those who search around in the brush south of the canister, especially if leaves are down.</p><br>
<p>Anecdotal accounts from GPS readouts on the summit suggest that the mountain may be higher than officially reported.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac M. Wise Temple  is the historic synagogue erected for Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise and his congregation in Cincinnati, Ohio. Wise was the founder of American Reform Judaism. The temple building was designed by prominent Cincinnati architect James Keys Wilson. Its design was inspired by the Alhambra at Granada.</p><br>
<p>The temple is located at 720 Plum Street in Cincinnati, Ohio and was built by members of the Lodge Street Synagogue. It was built chiefly during the Civil War, at a cost of $275,000. The temple was dedicated on Friday, August 24, 1866 and is among the oldest synagogue buildings still standing in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The temple is across Plum Street from the historic Saint Peter In Chains Cathedral and next to the site of the former St. Paul Episcopal Cathedral, which was torn down in 1937. In 1972, the Plum Street Temple was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1840, a group of German Jewish immigrants in Cincinnati organized as a separate congregation, K.K. B&#39;nai Yeshurun, breaking away from the existing congregation, K. K. Bene Israel. Their first place of worship was in a home on Third Street, between Sycamore and Broadway. In 1841 the congregation purchased and renovated for use as a house of worship a Federal-style, brick, four-story row house on Lodge Street.</p><br>
<p>The congregation built its first synagogue in 1848 on Lodge Street in the gothic Revival style. The Lodge Street Synagogue was dedicated on September 22, 1848 in Cincinnati, Ohio. It can be seen here:</p><br>
<p>The congregation voted in 1853 to engage Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise as its spiritual leader; this congregation built the Plum Street Temple beginning in 1865. Prior to the Civil War, the 200 families of K. K. B&#39;nai Yeshurun (Isaac M. Wise Temple) envisioned a magnificent building to house their growing twenty-year-old congregation that had already gained a national prominence because of their rabbi, Isaac Mayer Wise. With his energy and vision, the congregation and Cincinnati were fast becoming a center of national Jewish life. Plum Street Temple was built chiefly during the Civil War, at a cost of $275,000. Plum Street Temple was dedicated on Friday, August 24, 1866. The original ledger book with all the entries of specific costs entailed in the construction of Plum Street Temple was found in the early 21st century.</p><br>
<p>In 1972 Sally Priesand became America&#39;s first female rabbi ordained by a rabbinical seminary, and the second formally ordained female rabbi in Jewish history, after Regina Jonas of Germany in 1935. Priesand was ordained at Plum Street Temple.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, the Plum Street Temple was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Silver Creek Reservoir also known as Silverton Reservoir is a sixty-five-acre impoundment on Silver Creek located in the Cascade foothills 2.5 mi southeast of the city of Silverton, Oregon, United States on Oregon Route 214. The reservoir serves the purpose of flood control on the creek.</p><br>
<p>The lake is popular in the spring and summer as a recreation area. Stocked with roughly 20,000 hatchery trout each spring and early summer, the lake also provides opportunities to catch bullhead catfish. Swimming is also quite popular on warm summer days as well as recreational boating, though only electric motors are allowed.</p><br>
<p>Since the reservoir was created in 1960, there has been fear in Silverton that Silver Creek Dam might someday give way. Though structural engineers have declared the dam safe and deemed the conditions for a dam breach to be almost out of the realm of possibility, US Army Corps of Engineers studies have found that a collapse of the dam would be catastrophic to the city below.</p><br>
<p>Rosthwaite Fell is a fell in the English Lake District. It is situated some 12 km due south of Keswick and 2 km south of the village of Rosthwaite in Borrowdale.</p><br>
<p>Rosthwaite Fell also has loose connections to the Scafell group of fells. The fells name derives from the Old Norse language and means “The peak above the clearing with a heap of stones” with “hreysi” meaning a heap of stones and “thveit” meaning a clearing.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Rosthwaite Fell reaches a height of 612 m (2,008 ft) at its highest point, which is commonly known as Rosthwaite Cam. It also has a subsidiary top, Bessyboot (550 m, 1,804 ft ), which lies 800 metres north of the main summit. Alfred Wainwright took Bessyboot as the summit of the fell for his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells. Dovenest Crag, which lies 500 metres south west of the summit, is generally considered to be a part of Glaramara and is covered in that article.</p><br>
<p>The fell&#39;s boundaries are clearly defined to the north, west and east by valleys and streams. The western side falls to Borrowdale and the infant River Derwent, the eastern flank descends to the Langstrath valley and its beck while the northern slopes go down to the Stonethwaite valley. To the south, Rosthwaite Fell is linked to the higher and better known fell of Glaramara by a marshy and undulating ridge which goes over several subsidiary tops on the way.</p><br>
<p>Rosthwaite Fell is craggy and steep on the three sides that descend to valleys and there is no simple and appealing route of ascent. This, combined with the fact that there are many more attractive climbs in the area, makes the fell a quiet and unfrequented place.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Because of its unique geology, Rosthwaite Fell was declared a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1985 over an area of 230 hectares. With the English Nature web site saying:</p><br>
<p>"The extensive crags and rock outcrops within this site provide outstanding exposures of a thick succession of volcanic rock-layers representing a large proportion of the important episode of volcanic activity which generated the Borrowdale Volcanic Group during the middle Ordovician Period of geological history, about 460 million years ago. A wide variety of different rocktypes are present and well exposed within the site. This is an important site as a reference section for detailed geological study and is of historical interest as an area where certain volcanic rock-types were first recognised."</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Rosthwaite Fell can be climbed from Stonethwaite or from the Borrowdale road between Seatoller and Rosthwaite. The latter route goes up Combe Gill for a kilometre before striking steeply up the gill&#39;s eastern flank to gain the top of the fell. The Stonethwaite route uses Stanger Gill as a guide up to a height of almost 500 metres from where it is a simple walk to the summit of Bessyboot. A mild scramble also allows the north ridge to be ascended starting behind Chapel Farm and keeping west of the locally named Papelay Crag.</p><br>
<h2>Summits</h2><br>
<p>The fell&#39;s two main summits, Rosthwaite Cam and Bessyboot, are divided by a depression with a height of around 500 metres which contains the charmingly named Tarn at Leaves, a small mountain lake with a length of approximately 100 metres. The summit rocks of Rosthwaite Cam require some mild scrambling to reach the highest point.</p><br>
<p>Weh Island or Pulau Weh or Pulo Weh  is a small active volcanic island to the northwest of Sumatra, 45 minutes by fast regular ship or 2 hours by ferry from mainland, Banda Aceh. It was originally connected to the Sumatran mainland and became separated by sea after the volcano&#39;s last eruption in the Pleistocene era. The island is situated in the Andaman Sea. The largest city on the island, Sabang, is the northernmost outpost of Indonesia.</p><br>
<p>The island is known for its ecosystem; the Indonesian government has declared 60 km&sup2; of inland and sea around the island as a wildlife protection area. A rare megamouth shark species was found on shore and the island is the only habitat for the threatened toad, Duttaphrynus valhallae (formerly Bufo valhallae). Coral reef areas around the island are known for their large variety of fish species.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Weh Island is located in the Andaman Sea, where two groups of islands, the Nicobar Islands and Andaman Islands, are scattered in one line from Sumatra to the north up to the Burma plate. The Andaman Sea lies on an active moving small tectonic plate (microplate). A complex geological fault system and volcanic arc islands have been created along the length of the sea by the movement of the microplate.</p><br>
<p>The island lies about 15 km off the northernmost tip of Sumatra. The island is small at only 156.3 km&sup2, but mountainous. The highest peak is a fumarolic volcano, 617 m high. The last known eruption is estimated to have occurred in the Pleistocene age, as a result which the mountain partially collapsed and was filled by the sea, forming a separate island.</p><br>
<p>At a depth of 9 m, close to Sabang city, underwater fumaroles emerge from the seabed. At Gapang Beach (Gapang is name of a kind of a tree), one hour from Balohan Port to the west there is also underwater fumaroles which is suitable for diving and is called as Hydrothermal Point. A volcanic cone is found in the jungle. There are three solfatara (mudpot) fields on the island: one is 750 m southeast of the summit and the others are 5 km and 11.5 km northwest of the summit, on the western shore of Lhok Perialakot bay.</p><br>
<p>There are four islets surrounding Weh Island: Klah, Rubiah, Seulako, and Rondo. Among those, Rubiah is well known for diving tourism, because of its coral reefs. When traveling to Saudi Arabia was only possible by sea, Rubiah was used as a place of quarantine for Indonesian Muslims during the Hajj pilgrimage season.</p><br>
<h2>Inhabitants</h2><br>
<p>Weh Island is a part of Aceh province. A 1993 census reported 24,700 inhabitants. The large majority of the population are Acehnese and the remaining are Minangkabau, Javanese, Batak and Chinese. It is unknown when the island was first inhabited. Islam is the main religion, as Aceh is a special province where Sharia law has been applied exclusively for the province. However, there are some Christians and Buddhists on the island. They are mostly Javanese, Batak and Chinese.</p><br>
<p>On 26 December 2004, a 9.1–9.3 undersea earthquake struck in the Andaman Sea. The earthquake triggered a series of tsunamis that killed at least 130,000 people in Indonesia alone. The effect on the island was relatively small, but it is unknown how many of its inhabitants were killed by the event.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The economy on Weh Island is dominated by agriculture. The main products are cloves and coconuts. Small-scale fisheries operate in the area, and fishermen have used explosives and cyanide fishing extensively. Therefore, since 1982, a wildlife protection area (suaka alam) has been declared by the Indonesian government that includes 34 km&sup2; inland and 26 km&sup2; of surrounding sea.</p><br>
<p>The two main cities are Sabang and Balohan. Balohan is a ferry port that serves as a hub between the island and Banda Aceh on the mainland Sumatra. Sabang has been an important quay since the late nineteenth century, because the city overlooks the entry to a busy shipping route, Malacca Strait.</p><br>
<p>Before the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, the Indonesian archipelago was reached via the Sunda Strait from Africa. From the Suez Canal, the route to Indonesia is shorter via the Malacca Strait. Due to its natural harbour with relatively deep and well sheltered water, the Dutch East Indies government decided to open Sabang as a quay. In 1883, Sabang quay was opened for ships to dock by the Atjeh Associate. At first, the harbour was intended as a coal station for the Dutch navy, but later also served merchant vessels and for the transfer of export goods from northern Sumatra.</p><br>
<p>Each year, 50,000 vessels pass through Malacca Strait. In 2000, the Indonesian government declared Sabang a Free Trade Zone and Free Port, to gain economic benefit by establishing the port as a logistic hub for international vessels passing through the strait. Infrastructures for a deep water harbour, port, warehousing and refuelling facilities, were developed.</p><br>
<p>Weh Island is served by the Maimun Saleh Airport located in Sabang. Currently there is no airlines serving that airport. Thus, the nearest airport to get into Sabang is the Sultan Iskandarmuda Airport which is located at Banda Aceh. From the airport of Banda Aceh, its about a half-hour drive to Ulee Lheu, close to the center of Banda Aceh, from where the ferries to Balohan (Pulau Wehs ferry harbour) are leaving.</p><br>
<p>Weh Island is also known for ecotourism. Underwater diving, hiking through the volcanic mountain and beach resorts are the main attractions. A small village, Iboih, is known as a location for scuba diving. A few meters from Iboih is the Rubiah islet that is known for its coral reefs. There are also several dive operators in Gapang.</p><br>
<h2>Ecosystem</h2><br>
<p>During 1997–1999, Conservation International conducted a survey of the coral reef in the area. According to the survey, the coral diversity is relatively low, but fish species variation is rich. Some species found during the survey include Pogonoperca ocellata, Chaetodon gardneri, Chaetodon xanthocephalus, Centropyge flavipectoralis, Genicanthus caudovittatus, Halichoeres cosmetus, Stethojulis albovittatus, Scarus enneacanthus, Scarus scaber and Zebrasoma desjardinii.</p><br>
<p>On 13 March 2004, a specimen of the rare and unusual species of shark, megamouth shark, was washed ashore on Gapang beach. Megamouth shark has a distinctive large mouth, very short snout and is broadly rounded in dorsal view. The specimen is said to be the 21st) sighting of the species since its discovery in 1976. The male shark, measuring 1.7 m in length and weighing 13.82 kg (30.5 pounds), was frozen and sent to the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) for further scientific study., there have only been 36 findings of megamouth sharks in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans.</p><br>
<p>The 2004 earthquake and tsunami has affected the island&#39;s ecosystem. At Iboih village, a large swath of mangrove was destroyed. Debris from the land was deposited on the nearby reefs as a result of the tsunami. In 2005, about 14,400 mangrove seedlings were replanted to save the mangrove forest.</p><br>
<p>Apart from underwater ecosystem, Weh island is the only habitat of one threatened species of toad, Duttaphrynus valhallae (formerly Bufo valhallae). The species is only known from the holotype from the island. Due to heavy forestation on the island, the survival of the species is uncertain.</p><br>
<h2>Sabang International Regatta</h2><br>
<p>Sabang International Regatta was held on September 13 to 25, 2011. The participants were expected from Australia, United States, England, Germany, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Hong Kong.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Weh Island is small island and some beaches can be visited in one day only by rental vehicles, because there are no public transport there.</p><br>
<p>Anoi Itam Beach with its black sandy beach is a half-hour drive from Balohan Port. With small fee, visitor can enter Anoi Itam Resort with beautiful scenery.</p><br>
<p>Gapang Beach is 17 mi from Sabang or one hour drive and convenience for backpackers with modest culinary stalls and accommodations, however has a dive resort.</p><br>
<p>Iboih Beach, 5 km from Gapang Beach is the busiest beach in Weh Island and is cheaper than Gapang Beach. The white sandy beach itself is only 150 m long, yet it is considered a paradise for backpackers because Rubiah Island is directly offshore from it.</p><br>
<p>The Black Grave  is the largest burial mound  in Chernihiv, Ukraine. It is part of the National Sanctuary of Ancient Chernihiv and is an Archaeological Monument of national importance.</p><br>
<p>Comparable to the barrows of Gnyozdovo near Smolensk, the Black Grave has a height of over 10 metres and a circumference of 170 metres. During excavations undertaken in 1872–73, Dmitry Samokvasov uncovered two cremated bodies of Norse warriors (probably father and son), surrounded by slaves, sacrificial animals, arms, armour, and decorations. Samokvasov dated the burial to the late 10th century, when Vladimir I was the ruler of Kievan Rus. It is likely that the buried warriors were two princes (knyazes) of Chernihiv, although no local potentate is attested in the Slavonic chronicles before Vladimir&#39;s son, Mstislav of Chernihiv.</p><br>
<p>After the bodies were cremated, they were put upon a 7-metre-high mound, where a funeral feast took place. Arranged near the bodies were two helmets and knee-length chain mail (hauberks), probably extracted from the pyre, as well as a cauldron with ram bones, two sacerdotal knives, two golden Byzantine coins, an imported sabre, a miniature dark-red bronze idol of Thor, and two silver-bound aurochs horns decorated with floral motifs, fabulous animals, and figures of a man and a woman shooting at a bird. When the barrow was completed, a stele was placed at the top. All these items are now displayed at the State Historical Museum in Moscow.</p><br>
<p>At the present time the site of the burial mound along with other 34 buildings (mostly churches) are included in the Chernihiv National Architecture-Historical Sanctuary "Ancient Chernihiv". The Black Grave along with the rest of the reserve is the major tourist attraction in the Chernihiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine.</p><br>
